Growth-Factor Nanocapsules That Enable Tunable Controlled Release for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Growth factors are of great potential in regenerative medicine. However, their clinical applications are largely limited by the short in vivo half-lives and the narrow therapeutic window. Thus, a robust controlled release system remains an unmet medical need for growth-factor-based therapies. In this research, a nanoscale controlled release system (degradable protein nanocapsule) is established via in situ polymerization on growth factor. The release rate can be finely tuned by engineering the surface polymer composition. Improved therapeutic outcomes can be achieved with growth factor nanocapsules, as illustrated in spinal cord fusion mediated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 nanocapsules.

Preparing and immobilizing antimicrobial osteogenic growth peptide on titanium substrate surface

“…(A)]. This result can attribute to the conjugation of OGP or OGP–CIP onto Ti substrates, further influencing cell functions. Also, it could be inferred that the combination of OGP with CIP did not affect its ability to promote cell spreading.…”

“…A number of studies have proved that strategies, such as engineering surface topography (micro/nanostructures), calcium phosphate coatings, metallic elements, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, biomolecular coatings incorporating growth factors, and so forth, can distinctly promote osseointegration by positively regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Independently, growth factors play important roles in tissue repair and regeneration . Among the growth factors related to bone repair/regeneration, a naturally occurring 14‐mer peptide named osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) has been widely applied to improving bone regeneration .…”

“…A number of studies have proved that strategies, such as engineering surface topography (micro/nanostructures), [19][20][21] calcium phosphate coatings, 7,22,23 metallic elements, 24,25 extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, 26,27 biomolecular coatings incorporating growth factors, [28][29][30] and so forth, can distinctly promote osseointegration by positively regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Independently, growth factors play important roles in tissue repair and regeneration.…”

“…Independently, growth factors play important roles in tissue repair and regeneration. 28 Among the growth factors related to bone repair/regeneration, a naturally occurring 14-mer peptide named osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) has been widely applied to improving bone regeneration. [30][31][32][33][34][35] Nicole M. Moore et al 32 reported an immobilized osteogenic growth peptide concentration gradient substrate technology and found that immobilized OGP increased MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell proliferation from 0 to 3 days at all densities.…”

Novel biomaterial strategies for controlled growth factor delivery for biomedical applications

“…Recently, BMP-2 loaded degradable protein nanocapsules were developed via in situ polymerization to increase effective osteogenisity and reduce side effects. 112 Compared to the direct use of native BMP-2, the sustained release of BMP-2 from nanocarriers successfully enhanced bone formation with better bone quality while reducing the side effects associated with inconsistent bone formation and inflammatory edema in traditional spinal cord fusion surgery. The BMP-2 nanocarriers provided a safe and more effective GF therapy for bone tissue regeneration than native BMP-2.…”