Growth factor levels in leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma and correlations with donor age, gender, and platelets in the Japanese population

Abstract

Background Clinical application of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) has been accelerated to investigate early recovery from various musculoskeletal conditions. It involves the promotion of tissue damage repair through the action of multiple growth factors at physiological concentrations. The composition of PRP differs based on many factors, which may include age and gender. Therefore, we analyzed correlations between age, gender, and platelet counts in PRP with growth factors in Japanese subjects. Method Peripheral blood was drawn from 39 healthy volunteers between 20 and 49 years of age (age, mean ± standard deviation = 33 ± 8.7 years; gender ratio, male:female = 19:20; BMI, mean ± standard deviation = 22 ± 4.0) and prepared through centrifugation (volume, 6 mL per sample). After being activated with CaCl 2 , the supernatant was stored. The mean platelet count in PRP was 41.4 ± 12.2 × 10 4 /μL. PRP concentration rate (i.e., PRP/peripheral platelet counts) was 1.8 ± 0.4 times. Growth factor levels (platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and correlations with age, gender, and PRP platelet counts were statistically analyzed by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (r). Results Age was negatively correlated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-1 ( r = − 0.32, − 0.39), and gender had no influence on growth factors. Platelet counts in PRP positively correlated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor-β1, epidermal growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor ( r = 0.39, 0.75, 0.71, and 0.48, respectively). Conclusions This clinical study shows a significant variation of PRP among individual patients and that this variation is influenced by the age and the platelet counts of the subjects. Our data demonstrate that patient characteristics account for the differences in PRP physiological activity.

TGF-β1 level in platelet-rich plasma in patients with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system

“…Therefore, TGF-β1 can be used to treat a variety of disorders of the musculoskeletal system while PRP serves as a source for therapeutic purposes. No statistically significant difference was found between TGF-β1 level in PRP in the patients of different genders (p = 0.4), which is consistent with the literature data [25,30,31]. In women, the content of cytokine was 207.13 ± 16.28 ng/ml, and in men 196.36 ± 22.42 ng/ml (Fig.…”

“…Data on the dependence of TGF-β1 content in PRP on the age are quite contradictory. Some studies showed that the content of TGF-β1 in PRP does not depend on the age of the studied patients [25,30]. Whereas, J. Evanson et al found that people up to 25 years old had higher cytokine levels in PRP than those of older age groups [31].…”

Wound Dressing Selection Is Critical to Enhance Platelet-Rich Fibrin Activities in Wound Care

“…On the other hand, we examined the ability of the combination products to retain or expel the supernatant rich in cytokines and growth factors, using PDGF assessments as representative of alpha granule cargo exocytosis [16]. To prepare the PRF, we pooled PRPs from twelve subjects; we chose this model to obtain meaningful reproducible results, getting rid of inter-donor variability [17,18].…”

The blood cells count in leukocyte and leukocyte-poor platelet-concentrated plasma in patients with musculoskeletal disorders

“…Leukocyte platelet concentrates contain significant number of granulocytes and monocytes, which produce proinflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukins 1β, 6 and 8. These cytokines induce the expression of genes that promote the destruction of the extracellular matrix and enhance inflammation, including genes of proinflammatory interleukins, prostaglandins, inducible NO-synthase, cyclooxygenase 2 and metalloproteinases [40,48,49]. Despite a number of possible negative effects, leukocyte platelet concentrates can promote healing and regulate inflammation, in particular enhance the synthesis of growth factors and have a pronounced antimicrobial effect, so they should not be completely excluded from clinical application [17].…”

“…While studying the cellular components of platelet concentrates, insufficient attention is paid to the number of erythrocytes [16]. Some studies have shown that the number of red blood cells in PRP is minor because their count is reduced by 90 % compared with whole blood [9,40]. However, erythrocytes can be harmful to cells due to increased oxidative damage and affect the synthesis of extracellular matrix [23,24].…”