Growth factor delivery: How surface interactions modulate release in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Biomaterial scaffolds have been extensively used to deliver growth factors to induce new bone formation. The pharmacokinetics of growth factor delivery has been a critical regulator of their clinical success. This review will focus on the surface interactions that control the non-covalent incorporation of growth factors into scaffolds and the mechanisms that control growth factor release from clinically relevant biomaterials. We will focus on the delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 from materials currently used in the clinical practice, but also suggest how general mechanisms that control growth factor incorporation and release delineated with this growth factor could extend to other systems. A better understanding of the changing mechanisms that control growth factor release during the different stages of preclinical development could instruct the development of future scaffolds for currently untreatable injuries and diseases.

Withdrawal: Synthesis of a Novel bFGF/nHAP/COL Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold for Mandibular Defect Regeneration in a Rabbit Model

“…Wang et al demonstrated minimal loss of unstable proteins during lyophilization 34) . In tissue engineering, there are many ways to control the release of factors, for example use of nanoparticles, hydrogels, or porous scaffolds 35) . Jun et al effectively achieved controlled release of growth factors using tissue engineering scaffolds created by lyophilization 36) .…”

A Comparative Evaluation of Factors Influencing Osteoinductivity Among Scaffolds Designed for Bone Regeneration

“…This response is in line with the classic burst release of BMP-2 associated with the clinical use of INFUSE. 23 This effect likely renders ACS unable to ensure longerterm growth factor delivery and has been postulated to contribute to the adverse effects associated with the use of rhBMP-2/ACS clinically. [24][25][26] Relative to all other scaffolds, the S(P) gel showed a superior rate of initial growth factor binding, followed by a steady and sustainable release over the period studied.…”

How to use BMP-2 for clinical applications? A review on pros and cons of existing delivery strategies

“…Collagen sponges represent the earliest and best studied materials used for BMP-2 delivery. A disadvantage of this material relies on so-called early burst effects which are often observed upon administration [80]. In order to obtain a sustained release of the protein and decreasing this initial burst release phenomenon, genipin-crosslinked gelatin microparticles have been designed.…”