Growth Differentiation Factor 15 As Promising Biomarker Of Poor Prognosis In Heart Failure

Abstract

numerous factors, i.e. age, sex, comorbidities, treatment regime and phenotypes of HF. Additionally, not all of these biomarkers except natriuretic peptides were best fitted to guided therapy of HF and consequently serial measures of them did not warrant improving of predictive value in follow-up especially in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that regulates mitochondrial function of wide range of cells that involve in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune reaction, fibrosis, reparation and malignancy. This editorial is depicted the possibilities to extrapolate the predictive capabilities of GDF-15 from metabolic and tumor diseases to CV diseases including HF.