Growth differentiation factor‐15 and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all‐cause mortality: A meta‐analysis of prospective studies

Abstract

Background and Aim Previous studies have documented that the association between growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) the risk of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this meta‐analysis, our main objective is to explore the associations between GDF‐15 and the risk of CVD or all‐cause mortality. Methods PubMed and ISI Web of Science (up to January 2018) electronic databases were browsed for eligible studies. The studies provided relevant data depicted as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), with regard to the association between GDF‐15 levels and subsequent risk of CVDs or all‐cause mortality. A random‐effect model was applied to pool the HR and 95% CI. Results Thirty‐one prospective studies met the eligibility criteria involving 53 706 subjects with 7020 adverse outcome events. It was concluded that GDF‐15 levels were associated with an incremental risk of CVDs or all‐cause mortality. Highest GDF‐15 category was associated with greater risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.69‐3.63), all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 2.06‐2.97), and complex adverse outcome (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.42‐2.21). As each log‐unit increment in GDF‐15 concentration, the corresponding risk of adverse events also escalated, cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.57‐2.66), all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.29‐3.12), and complex adverse outcome (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.64‐2.29). Conclusions Judging from the results of the data analysis, GDF‐15 levels may increase the risk of CVDs or all‐cause mortality.

Prognostic Value of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Kidney Donors and Recipients

“…Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) or macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) widely expressed in mammalian tissues [1]. Since increased GDF15 levels are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality [2], it is not surprising that GDF15 was postulated to be an independent serum marker of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis patients [3][4][5].…”

A Growth Differentiation Factor 15-Based Risk Score Model to Predict Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

“…GDF15 is reminiscent of a robust prognostic biomarker in the high-risk patients with CVD, including fatal arrhythmia, myocardial infarction and heart failure [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In addition to the predictive role of cardiac biomarker, increased GDF15 levels have been known to be associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality [ 21 ]. However, there are few studies linking GDF15 to the CKD-related outcome-prediction models.…”

The level of growth differentiation factor 15 as a predictor of left atrial thrombosis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

“…Выбор GDF-15 в качестве потенциального предиктора тромбоза ЛП / УЛП обоснован результатами субанализа с биомаркерами исследования ARISTOTLE [11], а также крупного мета-анализа 31 проспективного исследования [29], подтвердивших, что уровень GDF-15 является предиктором тромбоэмболических событий, кардиоваскулярной и общей смертности, а также больших кровотечений [11].…”