Growth, development, and life‐history strategies in an unpredictable environment: case study of a rare hoverfly <i><scp>B</scp>lera fallax</i> (<scp>D</scp>iptera, <scp>S</scp>yrphidae)

Rotheray, Ellen L.; Goulson, Dave; Bussière, Luc F.

doi:10.1111/een.12269

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Following Rotheray, Goulson & Bussiere (2016) , larval growth was monitored by increase in mass. Every three days the larvae were removed from the treatment lagoons, gently rinsed in mineral water (ASDA, own brand) and blotted dry before being weighed and replaced in the lagoon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic exposure to thiamethoxam on larvae of the hoverflyEristalis tenax(Diptera, Syrphidae)

Basley

Davenport

Vogiatzis

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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There is widespread concern over the use of neonicotinoid pesticides in the agro-ecosystem, due in part to their high water solubility which can lead to widespread contamination of non-target areas including standing surface water. Most studies investigating the negative fitness consequences of neonicotinoids have focused on bees, with little research on the impact on other non-target insects. Here we examined the effect of exposure on the aquatic larval stages of the hoverfly Eristalis tenax L. (Diptera: Syrphidae) to a range of concentrations (control, 5, 15, 50, 100 and 500 ppb) of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam; no published studies have thus far examined the effects of neonicotinoids on hoverflies. Survival was significantly lower when exposed to 500 ppb thiamethoxam, but this concentration exceeds that likely to be found in the field. We observed no effect on survival, development or any latent effects on adult activity budgets resulting from exposure to lower concentrations (up to 100 ppb). Our results suggest that E. tenax exposed as larvae to thiamethoxam are unlikely to be negatively impacted by this neonicotinoid under field conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic exposure to thiamethoxam on larvae of the hoverflyEristalis tenax(Diptera, Syrphidae)

Basley

Davenport

Vogiatzis

et al. 2018

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…They differ from prior experiments because seven biologically significant dependent variables are measured and analyzed in a single MANOVA, allowing insight into the relationships among the variables as well as the effects of the treatments and most importantly the interactions across the treatments. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) has been used by previous researchers to look at the effect of food and density on competition in microcosms [ 30 , 31 , 40 – 44 ]; other factors on the outcome of microcosm studies [ 24 , 45 – 58 ]; behavioral studies [ 53 , 59 – 61 ]; interspecific competition [ 39 , 62 – 73 ] and natural history [ 74 ]. What is novel in the present experiments is the use of the MANOVA to understand competition between males and females and within each sex in the same microcosms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition among Aedes aegypti larvae

Steinwascher

2018

PLoS ONE

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Adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors of human disease. The size of the adult female affects her success, fitness, and ability to transmit diseases. The size of the adults is determined during the aquatic larval stage. Competition among larvae for food influences the size of the pupa and thus the adult. In these experiments, the food level (mg/larva) and the density (larvae/vial) both affect intraspecific competition, which shows up as the interaction of the two factors. Furthermore, the total food per vial affects the nature of competition among the larvae, also apparent in the interaction of food and density. Male larvae are affected by the percent of males in the vial, but females are not. Seven biologically significant dependent variables were examined, and the data analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance to gain insight into the relationships among the variables and the effects of these factors on the larvae as they grew in small containers. Male and female larvae compete differently from one another for the particulate yeast cells in this experiment; female larvae outcompete males through larger size and by retaining cells within their gut at low total food levels. Under conditions of more intense competition, the pupal masses of both males and females are smaller, so the effect of competition is a reduced apparent food level. The age at pupation is also affected by food and density. Across the twenty treatment combinations of food/larva and larvae/vial, female larvae grew as though there were six different ecological environments while male larvae grew as though there were only four different environments. No interference competition was observed. Eradication efforts aimed at adult populations of this mosquito may inadvertently increase the size and robustness of the next generation of larvae, resulting in a subsequent adult population increase in the second generation.

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“…Student's t ‐tests were used to assess the effects of the addition of fresh droppings to growth media on larval and pupal development. χ 2 tests were used to assess sex ratios between treatments (Rotheray et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental performance of Eristalis tenax larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae): Influence of growth media and yeast addition during captive rearing

Kamdem

Otomo

2023

J Exp Zool Pt A

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In holometabolous insects, life‐history characteristics can vary in response to diet. The main aim of this contribution was to examine which diet best promotes larval development and survival of the aquatic saprophagous hoverfly Eristalis tenax L. (Diptera: Syrphidae). This study was motivated by a need to optimize techniques for rearing these insects in captivity. We studied how adding yeast to several rearing media based on animal droppings or decaying plant material affected development and survival in captive larvae, and whether these effects could be optimized depending on the amount of yeast and the rearing medium. In addition, premature exit of larvae was examined in two medium volumes to investigate differences in pupation. Larvae in yeast supplemented rabbit growth medium pupated and emerged faster than those in horse and antelope growth media. A high number of adult females emerged when compared to males, and both seemed to have a shorter developmental period in yeast supplemented growth media. Pupal survival was significantly greater in a mixture of droppings and plant organic matter, and a high medium volume of 140 ml (p < 0.05). Between 10% and 17% of larvae prematurely exited the aquatic medium in high (140) and low (70 ml) medium volumes, respectively. These results provide additional information that may be crucial for the successful mass rearing of E. tenax in captivity, and suggest that apart from the addition of yeast, growth medium quality and volume may be limiting factors for the production of large colonies of adults.

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Growth, development, and life‐history strategies in an unpredictable environment: case study of a rare hoverfly Blera fallax (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of chronic exposure to thiamethoxam on larvae of the hoverflyEristalis tenax(Diptera, Syrphidae)

Effects of chronic exposure to thiamethoxam on larvae of the hoverflyEristalis tenax(Diptera, Syrphidae)

Competition among Aedes aegypti larvae

Developmental performance of Eristalis tenax larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae): Influence of growth media and yeast addition during captive rearing

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