Growth, Development, and Life History in Hominin Evolution

Kelley, Jay; Bolter, Debra R.

doi:10.1002/9781118332344.ch6

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Our "diphyodontic index" seems to be poorly or not related to the age at eruption of the first lower permanent molar, another key life history trait which in hominins marks the end of infancy (Kelley and Bolter, 2013). In fact, while also a strong genetic contribution to variation in timing of primary tooth emergence is well documented in humans (Chan et al, 2012), and likely also in hominids (Swindler, 2002), the LETDIs of Pan and of the Australopithecus representative used here that, for example, show comparable ages at LM1 eruption (Hemmer, 2015: table 15), differ markedly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the deciduous/permanent molar enamel thickness ratio a taxon-specific indicator in extant and extinct hominids?

Zanolli

Bayle

Bondioli

et al. 2017

Comptes Rendus Palevol

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Handled by Roberto Macchiarelli and Clément ZanoliiKeywords: Enamel Dm2 M1 "Diphyodontic index" Hominids abstract In Primates, enamel thickness variation stems from an evolutionary interplay between functional/adaptive constraints (ecology) and the strict control mechanisms of the morphogenetic program. Most studies on primate enamel thickness have primarily considered the permanent teeth, while the extent of covariation in tooth enamel thickness distribution between deciduous and permanent counterparts remains poorly investigated. In this test study on nine extant and fossil hominids we investigated the degree of covariation in enamel proportions between 25 pairs of mandibular dm2 and M1 by a so-called "lateral enamel thickness diphyodontic index". The results did not provide an unambiguous picture, but rather suggest complex patterns likely resulting from the influence of many interactive factors. Future research should test the congruence of the "diphyodontic signal" between the anterior and the postcanine dentition, as well as between enamel and the enamel-dentine junction topography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the deciduous/permanent molar enamel thickness ratio a taxon-specific indicator in extant and extinct hominids?

Zanolli

Bayle

Bondioli

et al. 2017

Comptes Rendus Palevol

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“…We slightly modified the standardised age class assessments of immatures [6][7][8] in that we merged Juv III (canine eruption) and Subadult (M3 eruption) into one class -Subadult -based only on M3 eruption. This approach more conservatively relies on molar eruptions for MNI in the fossil sample and reduces possible overinflation of an age class category if canine and molar eruptions are close in sequence.…”

Section: Age Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the living non-human primates, eruption times of permanent molars correlate with life-stage transitions; for example, first molars (M1) erupt to lay the foundation toward weaning and feeding on an adult diet, and the third molars (M3) erupt before the transition to reproductive maturity. [8][9][10][11][12][13] By using a simple count of total molar teeth by type and side, not considering in-situ placement, stage of development or wear, an absolute minimum of nine individuals was identified (Table 1). In this fossil assemblage, one complete mandible, six partial hemi-mandibles and one hemi-maxilla, with a total of 18 molars in position, were recovered from the Dinaledi Chamber 14 ( Table 2).…”

Section: Molars and Mnimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Dinaledi assemblage may be one of the most representative of a lifestage collection for Homo 2,8,17 , despite the fact that the current collection is as yet a sub-set of the total assemblage and more materials will become available from excavation. At the few fossil hominin sites with multiple immature finds, dentition is relied upon to refine the categories beyond immature and adult, and to calculate the MNI.…”

Section: Comparative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeodemographics of individuals in Dinaledi Chamber using dental remains

Bolter¹,

Hawks²,

Bogin³

et al. 2018

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Hominin skeletal remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, represent a minimum of 15 individuals of the extinct species Homo naledi. We examined the dental material from this sample in order to assess the life-history stages of individuals in the sample, in particular to determine the minimum number of individuals in the sample as a whole, and within each of six age classes. We found evidence of individuals within every age class: infant, early juvenile, late juvenile, subadult, young adult and old adult. The Dinaledi Chamber sample is notable in comparison to other samples of human, chimpanzee and fossil hominins in that it has a relatively high representation of juvenile remains, as compared to infants and adults. With 15 individuals, the sample size presented by the Dinaledi dental material is too small to test the hypothesis of attritional versus catastrophic accumulation. The data here provide a basis for further investigation of individual associations within this commingled assemblage, and provide an important comparative data set as a basis for the consideration of life history in H. naledi and other extinct hominin populations. Significance:• We identified a minimum number individuals so far recovered in the assemblage and document the use of molar eruptions as biomarkers of life-history stages to sort the individuals into age classes.• We provide a demographic profile of individuals from the chamber and establish a comparative data set for life history in extinct hominin populations.

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“…There are few nonadult specimens from the fossil record overall, but it is possible to determine from an isolated tooth, or a mandibular fragment with dentition, whether the individual was immature. There are much fewer specimens among those deemed immature that also have associated postcranial material, particularly from the australopiths, early Homo and Homo erectus (Kelley and Bolter, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The postcranial skeletal maturation ofAustralopithecus sediba

Cameron

Bogin

Bolter

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives In 2008, an immature hominin defined as the holotype of the new species Australopithecus sediba was discovered at the 1.9 million year old Malapa site in South Africa. The specimen (MH1) includes substantial post‐cranial skeletal material, and provides a unique opportunity to assess its skeletal maturation. Methods Skeletal maturity indicators observed on the proximal and distal humerus, proximal ulna, distal radius, third metacarpal, ilium and ischium, proximal femur and calcaneus were used to assess the maturity of each bone in comparison to references for modern humans and for wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Results In comparison to humans the skeletal maturational ages for Au. sediba correspond to between 12.0 years and 15.0 years with a mean (SD) age of 13.1 (1.1) years. In comparison to the maturational pattern of chimpanzees the Au. sediba indicators suggest a skeletal maturational age of 9–11 years. Based on either of these skeletal maturity estimates and the body length at death of MH1, an adult height of 150–156 cm is predicted. Discussion We conclude that the skeletal remains of MH1 are consistent with an ape‐like pattern of maturity when dental age estimates are also taken into consideration. This maturity schedule in australopiths is consistent with ape‐like estimates of age at death for the Nariokotome Homo erectus remains (KMN‐WT 15000), which are of similar postcranial immaturity to MH1. The findings suggest that humans may have distinctive and delayed post‐cranial schedules from australopiths and H. erectus, implicating a recent evolution of somatic and possibly life history strategies in human evolution.

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Growth, Development, and Life History in Hominin Evolution

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Is the deciduous/permanent molar enamel thickness ratio a taxon-specific indicator in extant and extinct hominids?

Is the deciduous/permanent molar enamel thickness ratio a taxon-specific indicator in extant and extinct hominids?

Palaeodemographics of individuals in Dinaledi Chamber using dental remains

The postcranial skeletal maturation ofAustralopithecus sediba

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