Growth chamber and field evaluation of physiological factors of two watermelon genotypes

Malambane, Goitseone; Batlang, Utlwang; Ramolekwa, Kelebonye; Tsujimoto, Hisashi; Akashi, Kinya

doi:10.1016/j.stress.2021.100017

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported for tomato, watermelon, and other plants ( Omprakash et al, 2017 ; Moles et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2019 ). These results were similar to those of previous studies, which found that the chlorophyll content of plants affected by drought stress was reduced in watermelon, tomato, lettuce, and Arabidopsis affected by drought stress ( Banks et al, 2018 ; Yao et al, 2018 ; Malambane et al, 2021 ; Shin et al, 2021a ). Our results also showed a decrease in growth parameters under high and low temperature conditions, which is in accordance with Hou et al (2016) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These results were similar to those of previous studies, which found that the chlorophyll content of plants affected by drought stress was reduced in watermelon, tomato, lettuce, and Arabidopsis affected by drought stress (Banks et al, 2018;FIGURE 6 | Changes in visual appearance of grafted watermelon seedlings grown under different temperature conditions during the progressive treatment time. Yao et al, 2018;Malambane et al, 2021;Shin et al, 2021a). Our results also showed a decrease in growth parameters under high and low temperature conditions, which is in accordance with Hou et al (2016).…”

Section: Effect Of Salt Temperature and Drought Stress On Growth Parameterssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

2021

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Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is used to measure the physiological status of plants affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in CF parameters in grafted watermelon seedlings exposed to salt, drought, and high and low temperatures. Grafted watermelon seedlings at the true three-leaf stage were subjected to salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and temperature [low (8°C), moderate (24°C), and high (40°C)] stresses for 12 days under controlled environmental conditions independently. Eight CF parameters were measured at 2-day intervals using the FluorCam machine quenching protocol of the FluorCam machine. The seedlings were also exposed to drought stress for 3 days independent of salinity and temperature stress; CF parameters were measured at 1-day intervals. In addition, growth parameters, proline, and chlorophyll content were evaluated in all three experiments. The CF parameters were differentially influenced depending on the type and extent of the stress conditions. The results showed a notable effect of salinity levels on CF parameters, predominantly in maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the ratio of the fluorescence decrease (Rfd), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII [Y(NO)]. High temperature had significant effects on Rfd and NPQ, whereas low temperature showed significant results in most CF parameters: Fv/Fm, Y(NO), NPQ, Rfd, the efficiency of excitation capture of open photosystem II (PSII) center (Fv′/Fm′), and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII [Y(PSII)]. Only NPQ and Rfd were significantly influenced by severe drought stress. Approximately, all the growth parameters were significantly influenced by the stress level. Proline content increased with an increase in stress levels in all three experiments, whereas the chlorophyll (a and b) content either decreased or increased depending upon the stressor. The results provided here may be useful for understanding the effect of abiotic stresses on CF parameters and the selection of index CF parameters to detect abiotic stresses in grafted watermelon seedlings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect Of Salt Temperature and Drought Stress On Growth Parameterssupporting

confidence: 88%

Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

2021

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“…When Ginkgo biloba L. seedlings were exposed to salinity stress, the results shows that maximum (Fv/Fm) and actual (FPSII) quantum yields of photosystem II (PSII) decreased gradually in the higher concentrations salt treatments and stability of the membrane system are greatly affected (Zhao H. et al, 2019) indicates the aggravation of the PSII reaction center at greater stress levels (Lu and Zhang, 2000;Percival, 2005), and this corresponds with diminished photosynthesis (Percival and Sheriffs, 2002;Kalaji et al, 2011). An analysis of whether chlorophyll fluorescence quenching performance was affected by the environment by Sanda et al (2011); Malambane et al (2021) showed that the wild watermelon NPQ and F PSII values were higher when compared to the cultivated watermelon either in stressed or unstressed conditions in the two varying environments. This increase can be associated with the protection of the PSII from damage by the reduced rate of electron entry into the PSII.…”

Section: Protection Of Photosynthesis Apparatus Through Chlorophyll F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of whether chlorophyll fluorescence quenching performance was affected by the environment by Sanda et al. (2011) ; Malambane et al. (2021) showed that the wild watermelon NPQ and Φ PSII values were higher when compared to the cultivated watermelon either in stressed or unstressed conditions in the two varying environments.…”

Section: Morpho-physiological Responses To Environmental Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and their potential common indicators to salinity, insights from the wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A review

Malambane

Madumane²,

Sewelo³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Climate change has escalated the effect of drought on crop production as it has negatively altered the environmental condition. Wild watermelon grows abundantly in the Kgalagadi desert even though the environment is characterized by minimal rainfall, high temperatures and intense sunshine during growing season. This area is also characterized by sandy soils with low water holding capacity, thus bringing about drought stress. Drought stress affects crop productivity through its effects on development and physiological functions as dictated by molecular responses. Not only one or two physiological process or genes are responsible for drought tolerance, but a combination of various factors do work together to aid crop tolerance mechanism. Various studies have shown that wild watermelon possess superior qualities that aid its survival in unfavorable conditions. These mechanisms include resilient root growth, timely stomatal closure, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under water deficit as key physiological responses. At biochemical and molecular level, the crop responds through citrulline accumulation and expression of genes associated with drought tolerance in this species and other plants. Previous salinity stress studies involving other plants have identified citrulline accumulation and expression of some of these genes (chloroplast APX, Type-2 metallothionein), to be associated with tolerance. Emerging evidence indicates that the upstream of functional genes are the transcription factor that regulates drought and salinity stress responses as well as adaptation. In this review we discuss the drought tolerance mechanisms in watermelons and some of its common indicators to salinity at physiological, biochemical and molecular level.

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“…Root and shoot architecture responses contribute to avoidance by maintaining water uptake–loss homeostasis, while tolerance is associated with transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic regulation, and the escape strategy is related to the shortening of the plant life cycle [ 26 ]. Several drought-mechanism studies and germplasm screenings based on leaves and roots’ responses in watermelon were reported; however, no genetic mapping investigations have been conducted yet [ 4 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. A strong drought-tolerance ability has mainly been observed in Citrullus amarus , Citrullus colocynthis [ 4 , 27 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 41 ], and, in some cases, wild Citrullus lanatus [ 23 , 28 , 37 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Bulk Segregant Analysis, Fine Mapping, and Transcriptome Revealed QTLs and Candidate Genes Associated with Drought Adaptation in Wild Watermelon

Mahmoud,

Qi,

Chi

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Drought stress has detrimental effects on crop productivity worldwide. A strong root system is crucial for maintaining water and nutrients uptake under drought stress. Wild watermelons possess resilient roots with excellent drought adaptability. However, the genetic factors controlling this trait remain uninvestigated. In this study, we conducted a bulk segregant analysis (BSA) on an F2 population consisting of two watermelon genotypes, wild and domesticated, which differ in their lateral root development under drought conditions. We identified two quantitative trait loci (qNLR_Dr. Chr01 and qNLR_Dr. Chr02) associated with the lateral root response to drought. Furthermore, we determined that a small region (0.93 Mb in qNLR_Dr. Chr01) is closely linked to drought adaptation through quantitative trait loci (QTL) validation and fine mapping. Transcriptome analysis of the parent roots under drought stress revealed unique effects on numerous genes in the sensitive genotype but not in the tolerant genotype. By integrating BSA, fine mapping, and the transcriptome, we identified six genes, namely L-Ascorbate Oxidase (AO), Cellulose Synthase-Interactive Protein 1 (CSI1), Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein (LEA), Zinc-Finger Homeodomain Protein 2 (ZHD2), Pericycle Factor Type-A 5 (PFA5), and bZIP transcription factor 53-like (bZIP53-like), that might be involved in the drought adaptation. Our findings provide valuable QTLs and genes for marker-assisted selection in improving water-use efficiency and drought tolerance in watermelon. They also lay the groundwork for the genetic manipulation of drought-adapting genes in watermelon and other Cucurbitacea species.

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Growth chamber and field evaluation of physiological factors of two watermelon genotypes

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and their potential common indicators to salinity, insights from the wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A review

Integrated Bulk Segregant Analysis, Fine Mapping, and Transcriptome Revealed QTLs and Candidate Genes Associated with Drought Adaptation in Wild Watermelon

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