Growth behavior of Clostridium perfringens cells aggregated by bovine lactoferrin in the presence of lipoteichoic acid

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding basic glycoprotein that has an antimicrobial effect against certain microbes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amoebicidal effect of bovine milk LF (bLF) against Acanthamoeba clinical-isolate trophozoites, which cause severe keratitis. Most of the risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis is from wearing soft contact lenses (SCLs). Acanthamoeba trophozoites were incubated in bovine LF (bLF) solution, and the ratios of viability and encystment were determined with microscopic analysis of cyst formation. The amoebicidal effect of bLF was assessed by Trypan blue assay. The ratios of viable cells in the presence of iron-free bLF (apo-bLF), native-bLF, and iron-saturated bLF (Fe-bLF) at the concentration of 10 μmol/L for 60 min were 7.7% ± 4.6%, 80.7% ± 10.1%, and 97.3% ± 1.5%, respectively. Apo-bLF showed potent amoebicidal effect against Acanthamoeba trophozoites, but Fe-bLF did not have this effect. After treating with apo-bLF, most dead cells were nonglobular forms of trophozoites but not cystic forms. Encystment of Acanthamoeba was assessed by the sarkosyl-calcofluor white assay. The encystment ratios treated with 0.5% propylene glycol (positive control) and 10 μmol/L apo-bLF for 24 h were 96.12% ± 10.6% and 0.47% ± 0.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the amoebicidal effect of apo-bLF without encystment might lead to the prevention of contamination of Acanthamoeba in SCL stock cases.

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Utility of Nanomedicine Targeting Scar-Forming Myofibroblasts to Attenuate Corneal Scarring and Haze

Al-Mashahedah

Kanwar

2019

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

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Corneal scarring refers to the loss of normal corneal tissue, replaced by fibrotic tissue (during wound repair) thereby affecting corneal transparency and vision quality. The corneal wound healing process involves a complex series of physiological events resulting in the transformation of transparent keratocytes into opaque myofibroblasts; the prominent cause of irregular extracellular matrix synthesis leading to the development of corneal opacity/hazy vision. Globally, corneal scarring/haze is one of the most prevalent causes of blindness. Ocular trauma (physical and chemical) and microbial infections induce corneal tissue damage. Although great progress has been made in the clinical management of ocular diseases, the global rates of corneal blindness remain high, nonetheless. The topical conventional modalities treating corneal wounds/injuries have inherent limitations/side effects such as low bioavailability of a therapeutic agent, upregulation of the intraocular pressure and the toxicity/allergy of the drug. These limitations/side effects rather than treating the wound, often negatively affect the healing process, especially, when applied frequently for longer periods. Recently, there has been an increasing evidence provided by the preclinical studies that nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems can improve drug bioavailability, through controlled drug release and targeted delivery. After reviewing the epidemiology, risk factors of corneal scarring/haze and the conventional ocular medicines, we review here the different nanodrug-delivery systems and potential drug candidates including nanoherbal formulations investigated for their efficacy to heal the damaged cornea. Finally, we discuss the challenges of using these nanomedicinal platforms.

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Growth behavior of Clostridium perfringens cells aggregated by bovine lactoferrin in the presence of lipoteichoic acid

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Synthesis, characterization and application of antibacterial lactoferrin nanoparticles

Synthesis, characterization and application of antibacterial lactoferrin nanoparticles

Effects of lactoferrin on the viability and the encystment of Acanthamoeba trophozoites

Utility of Nanomedicine Targeting Scar-Forming Myofibroblasts to Attenuate Corneal Scarring and Haze

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