Growth and yield of potatoes as affected by severity of stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani)

Read, P. J.; Hide, G. A.; Firmager, Janet P.; Hall, Sharon M.

doi:10.1007/bf02365813

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Towards the end of the growing season, sclerotia of R. solani, commonly referred to as black scurf, develop on the progeny tubers (Spencer & Fox, 1979). Most reports indicate a close relationship between the severity of black scurf on seed tubers at planting and the subsequent development of stem canker (Banville, 1978;Gudmestad et al, 1979;Read et al, 1989). The severity of stem canker in the growing crop has, in turn, been positively correlated with the subsequent formation of black scurf on progeny tubers (Chand & Logan, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between stem canker, stolon canker, black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) under different agronomic conditions

Simons

Gilligan

1997

Plant Pathology

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Relationships between diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani on different parts of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) at different stages of crop growth were investigated under selected agronomic conditions. The effects of different densities of tuber-borne inoculum, date of planting, irrigation, size of seed tubers and their interactions on the incidence of stem and stolon canker during crop growth, the incidence and severity of black scurf and the yield of progeny tubers at harvest were quantified in a multifactorial experiment. Differences in the incidence of stem canker, stolon canker and black scurf were dominated by the effect of density of inoculum on seed tubers at planting. Highly positive correlations between the disease variables indicated a close relationship between the incidence of disease at each stage of crop growth although the degree of association between variables measured at an early growth stage and those measured at progressively later stages of crop growth weakened as the time interval increased. Total yield of progeny tubers was not affected by the density of tuber-borne inoculum although there was a shift in the size distribution, with a decrease in the yield of main-sized tubers and an increase in the yield of baker-and oversized tubers at the higher density of inoculum. Of the remaining factors, the effect of season tended to be more pronounced than any of the agronomic treatments although the use of irrigation and later dates of planting did influence the incidence of infection to a limited extent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between stem canker, stolon canker, black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) under different agronomic conditions

Simons

Gilligan

1997

Plant Pathology

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“…In severe infections total yield can be highly reduced (Hide et al, 1996). Extensive yield losses, from 10% to 30% on marketable size tubers as a result of Rhizoctonia disease have been reported (Read et al, 1989;Lehtonen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Bacterial Strain and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani by combined expression of chitinase and Ribosome Inactivating Protein in transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Mahmoud¹,

Chikh-Rouhou²,

Boughalleb³

et al. 2012

Span. j. agric. res.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to many fungal pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani. In the present study, the potato cultivar Desirée was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 containing the binary plasmid pGJ132 harboring both the chitinase (chiA) and rip30 genes. The potato leaf disc was used as an explant for transformation. PCR, Southern blot and Western blot were used for characterization of the transgenic plants. In this study it was shown that not all the plants developed in selective medium were positive for the corresponding gene using the PCR technique. Southern blot analysis confirmed that transgenic plants integrated 2-3 copies of chiA and rip30 genes respectively into their genome. The expression of the CHIA and RIP30 proteins was confirmed in the leaf extracts of the transgenic clones by Western blot analysis. Transgenic potato plants expressing rip30 and chiA genes showed enhanced resistance to R. solani in a greenhouse assay.Additional key words: fungal resistance; genes; proteins; southern blot; western blot. ResumenResistencia aumentada a Rhizoctonia solani por la expresión combinada de quitinasa y proteínas inactivantes de los ribosomas en patatas transgénicas La patata (Solanum tuberosum L.) es susceptible a muchos hongos fitopatógenos, incluyendo Rhizoctonia solani. En el presente estudio, se transformó el cultivar de patata 'Desirée' mediante Agrobacterium tumefaciens, cepa GV3101, que contiene el plásmido binario pGJ132 que alberga los genes quitinasa (chiA) y rip30. Se utilizaron discos de hojas como explante para la transformación de plantas. Se utilizaron las técnicas de PCR, Southern y Western blot para la caracterización de las plantas transgénicas. En este estudio se demostró, mediante PCR, que no todas las plantas que se desarrollaron en medio selectivo fueron positivas para el gen correspondiente. El análisis de Southern blot confirmó que las plantas transgénicas integraron en su genoma 2-3 copias de los genes chiA y rip30. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de invernadero para evaluar la resistencia a R. solani de los clones transgénicos que expresan los transgenes. Las plantas transgénicas que expresan los genes rip30 y chiA mostraron una resistencia completa a R. solani.

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“…This disrupts the movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant and eventually stems may be pruned (Back et al 2006). The collective name for these symptoms is widely known as stem canker (Read et al 1989;Simons and Gilligan 1997). In a similar manner, stolons and roots can also be infested and pruned by R. solani and the resulting symptoms are known as stolon and root canker, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a similar manner, stolons and roots can also be infested and pruned by R. solani and the resulting symptoms are known as stolon and root canker, respectively. Stem canker causes patchy and delayed emergence in crops and reduces tuber initiation (Read et al 1989). Following the senescence or haulm destruction of potato plants, R. solani forms sclerotia on the daughter tubers, which appear as black 'tar' like encrustations and are widely known as 'black scurf'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifications in the potato rhizosphere during infestations of Globodera rostochiensis and subsequent effects on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani

et al. 2010

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Two controlled environment experiments were conducted to explore the hypothesis that invasion and damage caused to potato roots by the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis might result in quantitative or qualitative changes in the release of root exudates to subsequently affect the growth of Rhizoctonia solani (AG3) in the potato rhizosphere. The growth of five R. solani isolates was compared on media amended either with root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested or uninfested potato (cv. Désirée) plants at different time intervals after the introduction of the nematodes. In Experiment 1, the growth of R. solani was higher on medium amended with potato root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested compared to uninfested plants, collected 4, 6, 8 and 12 days after the G. rostochiensis treatments were administered. Similarly, in Experiment 2, R. solani isolates grew faster on medium amended with potato root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested than uninfested plants. This trend was particularly pronounced at the 12-day collection.At this time, 49% of the G. rostochiensis juveniles in roots were found to belong to the juvenile moults J2 and J3, indicating that root exudates were modified during the earlier stages of juvenile invasion. Carbohydrate analysis of root exudates indicated significantly higher levels of sucrose in root exudates from G. rostochiensis-infested than uninfested plants, whereas no significant differences were found in total nitrogen content. The results are discussed to help elucidate the mechanism behind the disease complex found between G. rostochiensis and R. solani in previous field research.

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Growth and yield of potatoes as affected by severity of stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani)

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Relationships between stem canker, stolon canker, black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) under different agronomic conditions

Relationships between stem canker, stolon canker, black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) under different agronomic conditions

Enhanced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani by combined expression of chitinase and Ribosome Inactivating Protein in transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Modifications in the potato rhizosphere during infestations of Globodera rostochiensis and subsequent effects on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani

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