Growth and visible injuries of four Centaurea jacea L. ecotypes exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide

Rämö, Kaisa; Slotte, Hannele; Kanerva, Teri; Ojanperä, Katinka; Manninen, Sirkku

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.09.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Increases in leaf number, leaf area and stem height have been observed in black cherry (Prunus serotina), strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and birch (B. pendula) following exposure (Kouterick et al, 2000;Drogoudi & Ashmore, 2000;Oksanen & Holopainen, 2001;Baier et al, 2005). However, observations of reductions in leaf number, leaf area and shoot biomass in herbaceous species such as knapweed (Centaurea jacea; Rämö et al, 2006) and strawberry (F. × ananassa; Keutgen et al, 2005) demonstrate that such compensatory mechanisms are not always effective. Samuelson et al (1996) reported the occurrence of compensatory retention of carbon in the shoots of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) in the form of soluble carbohydrates involved in repair processes following exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature and extent of the short‐ and long‐term effects induced were apparently influenced by O 3 dose and uptake, effectiveness of physiological repair and acclimation mechanisms, and compensation mechanisms operating at the reproductive level. Exposure to 70 ppb O 3 for 7 h d −1 for 2 or 10 d reduced g s and A and induced visible injury (Figs 1, 2; Table 1), consistent with reports for other species (Reiling & Davison, 1992; Sanders et al ., 1992; Hassan et al ., 1994; Reiling & Davison, 1995; Donnelly et al ., 2001; Zheng et al ., 2002; Crous et al ., 2006; Iriti et al ., 2006; Rämö et al ., 2006; Souza et al ., 2006). The reductions in g s and A were greater and extensive visible injury was observed when pre‐exposure g s was relatively high (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compensatory responses activated by short‐term acute exposure to O 3 may include increases in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and leaf number, whereas chronic exposure may elicit changes in g s , Rubisco activity and soluble protein concentrations, and increase shoot growth at the expense of root growth (Pell et al ., 1994; Oksanen & Saleem, 1999; Fiscus et al ., 2005; Keutgen et al ., 2005; Rämö et al ., 2006). Increases in leaf number, leaf area and stem height have been observed in black cherry ( Prunus serotina ), strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) and birch ( B. pendula ) following exposure (Kouterick et al ., 2000; Drogoudi & Ashmore, 2000; Oksanen & Holopainen, 2001; Baier et al ., 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1999) defined resistance to air pollutants as the ‘ability to maintain growth and remain free from injury in a polluted environment’. Impacts on vegetative growth, particularly the appearance of visible injury, have been widely used as indicators of resistance or sensitivity (Knudson Butler & Tibbitts, 1979; Andersen, 2003; Novak et al ., 2003; Souza et al ., 2006), and studies continue aimed at identifying suitable bioindicator species or genotypes for areas which lack or cannot afford permanent O 3 monitoring networks (Iriti et al ., 2006; Rämö et al ., 2006). Changes in physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance ( g s ), net CO 2 assimilation rate ( A ) and relative growth rate have been suggested to provide sensitive indicators of responses to gaseous pollutants including O 3 , particularly during exposures which do not induce visible injury (Ranieri et al ., 2002; Scebba et al ., 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)

et al. 2007

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Summary• Exposure to ozone (O 3 ) may affect vegetative and reproductive development, although the consequences for yield depend on the effectiveness of the compensatory processes induced. This study examined the impact on reproductive development of exposing Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants) to ozone during vegetative growth.• Plants were exposed to 70 ppb ozone for 2 d during late vegetative growth or 10 d spanning most of the vegetative phase. Effects on gas exchange, vegetative growth, reproductive development and seed yield were determined.• Impacts on gas exchange and foliar injury were related to pre-exposure stomatal conductance. Exposure for 2 d had no effect on growth or reproductive characteristics, whereas 10-d exposure reduced vegetative growth and reproductive site number on the terminal raceme. Mature seed number and weight per pod and per plant were unaffected because seed abortion was reduced.• The observation that mature seed yield per plant was unaffected by exposure during the vegetative phase, despite adverse effects on physiological, vegetative and reproductive processes, shows that indeterminate species such as B. campestris possess sufficient compensatory flexibility to avoid reductions in seed production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)

et al. 2007

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“…In many cases, the responses of flowering time to elevated CO 2 in wild species show similar patterns when compared across multiple studies performed on the same species, unlike the example of soybean presented earlier. For instance, multiple studies have consistently found no change in the response of flowering time at elevated [CO 2 ] for Raphanus raphanistrum (Curtis et al ., 1994; Jablonski, 1997; Case et al ., 1998), Abutilon theophrasti (Garbutt & Bazzaz, 1984; Garbutt et al ., 1990; McConnaughay et al ., 1993), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Garbutt et al ., 1990; Rogers et al ., 2006), and Centaurea jacea (Rusterholz & Erhardt, 1998; Rämö et al ., 2006). Also, the onset of flowering has been consistently delayed at elevated [CO 2 ] in S. faberii (Garbutt et al ., 1990; McConnaughay et al ., 1993) and Pharbitis nil (Hicklenton & Joliffe, 1980; Reekie et al ., 1994).…”

Section: Effects Of Elevated [Co2] On Flowering Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering time and elevated atmospheric CO₂

2007

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Contents Summary243I.Introduction244II.Effects of elevated [CO2] on flowering time245III.Mechanisms for altered flowering time in response to elevated [CO2]250IV.Conclusion252Acknowledgements253References253 Summary Flowering is a critical milestone in the life cycle of plants, and changes in the timing of flowering may alter processes at the species, community and ecosystem levels. Therefore understanding flowering‐time responses to global change drivers, such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, [CO2], is necessary to predict the impacts of global change on natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here we summarize the results of 60 studies reporting flowering‐time responses (defined as the time to first visible flower) of both crop and wild species at elevated [CO2]. These studies suggest that elevated [CO2] will influence flowering time in the future. In addition, interactions between elevated [CO2] and other global change factors may further complicate our ability to predict changes in flowering time. One approach to overcoming this problem is to elucidate the primary mechanisms that control flowering‐time responses to elevated [CO2]. Unfortunately, the mechanisms controlling these responses are not known. However, past work has indicated that carbon metabolism exerts partial control on flowering time, and therefore may be involved in elevated [CO2]‐induced changes in flowering time. This review also indicates the need for more studies addressing the effects of global change drivers on developmental processes in plants.

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Tropospheric Ozone and Plants: Absorption, Responses, and Consequences

Cho¹,

Tiwari²,

Agrawal³

et al. 2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Ozone is now considered to be the second most important gaseous pollutant in our environment. The phytotoxic potential of O₃ was first observed on grape foliage by B.L. Richards and coworkers in 1958 (Richards et al. 1958). To date, unsustainable resource utilization has turned this secondary pollutant into a major component of global climate change and a prime threat to agricultural production. The projected levels to which O₃ will increase are critically alarming and have become a major issue of concern for agriculturalists, biologists, environmentalists and others plants are soft targets for O₃. Ozone enters plants through stomata, where it disolves in the apoplastic fluid. O₃ has several potential effects on plants: direct reaction with cell membranes; conversion into ROS and H₂O₂ (which alters cellular function by causing cell death); induction of premature senescence; and induction of and up- or down-regulation of responsive components such as genes , proteins and metabolites. In this review we attempt to present an overview picture of plant O₃ interactions. We summarize the vast number of available reports on plant responses to O₃ at the morphological, physiological, cellular, biochemical levels, and address effects on crop yield, and on genes, proteins and metabolites. it is now clear that the machinery of photosynthesis, thereby decreasing the economic yield of most plants and inducing a common morphological symptom, called the "foliar injury". The "foliar injury" symptoms can be authentically utilized for biomonitoring of O₃ under natural conditions. Elevated O₃ stress has been convincingly demonstrated to trigger an antioxidative defense system in plants. The past several years have seen the development and application of high-throughput omics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) that are capable of identifying and prolifiling the O₃-responsive components in model and nonmodel plants. Such studies have been carried out ans have generated an inventory of O₃-Responsive components--a great resource to the scientific community. Recently, it has been shown that certain organic chemicals ans elevated CO₂ levels are effective in ameliorating O₃-generated stress. Both targeted and highthroughput approaches have advanced our knowledge concerning what O₃-triggerred signaling and metabolic pathways exist in plants. Moreover, recently generated information, and several biomarkers for O₃, may, in the future, be exploited to better screen and develop O₃-tolerant plants.

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Growth and visible injuries of four Centaurea jacea L. ecotypes exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)

Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)

Flowering time and elevated atmospheric CO₂

Tropospheric Ozone and Plants: Absorption, Responses, and Consequences

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Growth and visible injuries of four Centaurea jacea L. ecotypes exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)

Ozone affects gas exchange, growth and reproductive development in Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants)

Flowering time and elevated atmospheric CO2

Tropospheric Ozone and Plants: Absorption, Responses, and Consequences

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Product

Resources

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Flowering time and elevated atmospheric CO₂