Growth and the Premature Baby

Gibson, Alan T.; Carney, Sally; Wales, Jerry

doi:10.1159/000091510

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After birth, a large upward peak by the age of 3 months postterm was followed by a more gradual return to values slightly higher than the head circumference SDS at birth. This is in accordance with the growth curves of preterm infants published by Gibson et al [24]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

IGF1 Promoter Polymorphism and Cranial Growth in Individuals Born Very Preterm

et al. 2011

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Background: Major defects in the IGF1 gene are associated with severely reduced cranial and linear growth. The association between IGF1 promoter polymorphisms and growth is uncertain. Aims: To test the effect of the IGF1 192-bp allele on cranial and linear growth and body mass index (BMI) from birth until age 5 years, and on IQ and serum IGF-1 at age 19 years. Methods: In a birth cohort, including 285 individuals born at a gestational age <32 weeks from the Project On Preterm and Small-for-gestational age infants (POPS), cohort anthropometric measurements were analyzed. At age 19 years IGF1 genotype, serum IGF-1 level and IQ were determined. Regression analyses were performed with mixed models. Results: Homozygotes for the 192-bp allele had a slower cranial growth from birth until age 5 years, and a tendency towards less brain sparing and a slower linear growth compared to the other 2 genotype groups. IGF1 genotype was not associated with IQ or BMI development. Head circumference SDS at age 5 years was positively associated with IQ at age 19 years. Conclusion: Homozygosity for the IGF1 192-bp allele is associated with a slower cranial growth from birth until age 5 years in individuals born very preterm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

IGF1 Promoter Polymorphism and Cranial Growth in Individuals Born Very Preterm

et al. 2011

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“…Therefore, our data suggest that the reduced surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4 may be due to defects in the posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational regulation (24,25). To this end, it is known that both the internal and external environments of these neonates undergo dramatic changes immediately after birth (26). Therefore, the speed of maturation of the TLR system during the first few months after birth in preterm newborns is critical to the development of their innate host defenses against bacterial infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Development of monocyte Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in preterm newborns during the first few months of life

et al. 2013

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Background: Although the immaturity of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) at birth in preterm newborns is known, their development during the first few months of life remains unclear. Methods: Blood monocytes of preterm newborns (gestational age: 24-36 wk) were obtained every 2 wk when possible in order to perform serial measurements of TLR2 and TLR4 surface expression, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production. Measurements using monocytes from term newborns and adults were also performed. results: The monocytes of preterm newborns obtained at birth displayed reduced surface expression of TLR2 and TLR4, and diminished responses of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-8 to LPS stimulation. Regardless of gestational age, monocyte expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in preterm newborns increased rapidly within the first 2 wk after birth, quickly reaching those of term newborns. These increases continued for the following 4-6 wk, although the increase began to plateau. By contrast, LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-8 did not elevate over this period in preterm newborns. conclusion: The blood monocytes of preterm newborns display rapid increase in TLR2 and TLR4 expression during the first few months of life, whereas LPS-induced cytokine production functionality did not improve in parallel.

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“…(23) In this study, 7.5% of the PT infants were born short for gestational age as a result of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At postmenstrual age h37-h42, 16.4% of all PT infants, and 28.6% of those born before 32 gestation weeks were short for their age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Urinary osteocalcin and serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide predict linear catch-up growth in infants

Kilpeläinen

Ivaska

Kuiri-Hänninen

et al. 2012

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Preterm (PT) infants are at risk of growth failure despite advanced early care and nutrition. In addition to poor weight gain, slow postnatal linear growth also is associated with adverse neurological outcome. Markers distinguishing infants at risk for impaired catch-up growth are needed. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the extent to which postnatal levels of circulating cartilage (serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide [S-proCNP]) and urinary bone metabolic markers (urinary osteocalcin [MidOC] and two forms of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen [U-a-CTX-I and U-b-CTX-I]) predict catch-up growth in infancy in 67 PT and 58 full-term (FT) infants. PT infants were significantly shorter than FT infants during the first 6 months of life, but no statistically significant difference was found at the corrected age of 14 months (M14). At the age of 3 months (M3), S-ProCNP and U-MidOC levels, but not U-a-CTX-I and U-b-CTX-I levels, correlated positively with prospective growth velocity from M3 to M14 (r ¼ 0.460, p < 0.001 and r ¼ 0.710, p < 0.001, respectively). In predicting slow linear growth (growth velocity at the lowest quartile), the area under the S-ProCNP ROC curve was 0.662 and that of U-MidOC 0.891. Thus, U-MidOC, and to lesser extent S-ProCNP at M3 are predictors of catch-up growth in infancy. ß

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Growth and the Premature Baby

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

IGF1 Promoter Polymorphism and Cranial Growth in Individuals Born Very Preterm

IGF1 Promoter Polymorphism and Cranial Growth in Individuals Born Very Preterm

Development of monocyte Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 in preterm newborns during the first few months of life

Urinary osteocalcin and serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide predict linear catch-up growth in infants

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