Growth and Survival of ImmatureHaematobia irritans(Diptera: Muscidae) is Influenced by Bacteria Isolated from Cattle Manure and Conspecific Larvae

Abstract

Twenty species of bacteria were isolated from cattle manure and seven species were isolated from the gut of larval horn fly Hematobia irritans (L.). Bacteria in manure belonged to the Bacillaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Micrococcaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and two unassigned genera. Gut bacteria belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. H. irritans larval survival and growth on the various bacterial species were evaluated by rearing larvae in sterilized cattle manure that was inoculated with single bacterial isolates. H. irritans larvae failed to develop in sterilized, uninoculated manure, indicating that bacteria are necessary for larval development. Survival averaged 74% in nonsterilized manure and ranged from 4 to 53% in manure with individual isolates. Survival was highest when larvae were reared on manure inoculated with Pseudomonadaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Bacillaceae and was lowest when reared in manure inoculated with Enterobacteriaceae and Microbacteriaceae. Pupal weights were heaviest when reared on the Flavobacteria, followed by the Pseudomonadaceae and Corynebacteriaceae. Pupae averaged 4.9 +/- 0.08 mg when reared on gram-negative isolates, compared with 3.6 +/- 0.09 mg when reared on gram-positive isolates. Pupal weights were not significantly correlated with larval survival, indicating that bacteria that promote growth do not necessarily promote survival. A reproductive index was used as a measure of fitness and was highest for larvae reared in the nonsterile control, followed most closely by Pseudomonadaceae and Corynebacteriaceae. These groups appeared to best meet the nutritional requirements of larvae and may be used in further experiments to define an artificial rearing media for H. irritans.

Volatiles Emitted From Eight Wound-Isolated Bacteria Differentially Attract Gravid Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to Oviposit

“…Several studies on the signiÞcance of bacterial interactions with muscoid ßies, such as house ßies, Musca domestica L. (Zurek et al 2000); stable ßies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Lysyk et al 1999, Romero et al 2006; and horn ßies, Hematobia irritans (L.) (Perotti et al 2001), reported some symbiotic relationships during larval development and also an oviposition attractant (in stable ßies). Ahmed et al (2006) identiÞed several species of bacteria, including Providencia spp.…”

Patogenicidade de Beauveria bassiana sobre estágios imaturos de Stomoxys calcitrans

“…M (%) MC (%) C o n t r o l e 3 7 , 5 0 3 6 , 7 0 2 0 , 0 0 2 3 , 7 0 3 3 , 3 (SCHMIDTMANN & MARTIN, 1992;PEROTTI et al, 2001;ROMERO et al, 2006). Logo, para que um fungo possa atuar sobre os estágios imaturos de moscas, este deve possuir mecanismos que promovam elevada patogenicidade ou que anulem os fatores antimicrobianos do inseto.…”

Insects As Vectors Of Foodborne Pathogens

“…The nature of this symbiosis is unclear. The significance of bacteria for the development of larvae has been examined for house flies [5][6][7], stable flies [8,9], horn flies [10], and face flies [11]. Digestibility of bacteria in the intestinal tract was demonstrated in house flies [12], stable flies [13], and blow flies [14,15].…”