Growth and survival of hybrid larch F1 (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) and Japanese larch under various intensities of competition

Harayama, Hisanori; Tsuyama, Ikutaro; Uemura, Akira; Kitao, Mitsutoshi; Han, Qingmin; Kuramoto, Shigeo; Utsugi, Hajime

doi:10.1007/s11056-022-09952-8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results were consistent with the general trend that once seedlings are established, field performance of bareroot and container-grown seedlings can be comparable [7] and large initial height and RCD can lead to subsequent height growth after planting [1]. The seedling height advantage is generally beneficial on sites with competing vegetation [47], and Japanese larch growth is sensitive to competing vegetation [20]; thus, the size of planted seedlings will be an important trait in Japanese larch. Among the container-grown stock types in this study, JFA300 (1+2) and BCC150 (0+2) had significantly lower initial height and RCD than LIECO390 (0+1) and HRO200 (1+1), and this significant trend continued until the third GS (Figure 4).…”

Section: Effects Of Stock Type On Growthsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The performance of the planted seedlings can also be influenced by the reforestation site conditions, such as soil moisture, nutrients, and light, as well as by competing vegetation [1,2]. Japanese larch has low shade tolerance and is therefore susceptible to significant loss of survival and growth, due to competition from surrounding vegetation [14,20]. Meanwhile, the vegetation growth is also influenced by site environmental conditions [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Seedling Size, Stock Type, and Mechanical Site Preparation Method on Initial Survival and Growth of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Seedlings

Harayama

Tsuyama

Kitao

et al. 2023

Forests

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is important to understand the characteristics of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) seedlings that allow them to grow vigorously after planting and quickly exceed the height of surrounding vegetation, resulting in lower weeding costs. Seven stock types, including bareroot and container-grown seedlings, were planted in two plots with different mechanical-site-preparation (MSP) methods and evaluated for survival, height, and root collar diameter (RCD) for four consecutive years. Three-year-old bareroot seedlings, which were one year older and larger than normal, had low survival rates in the mulcher MSP. Initial seedling height significantly differed among the seven stock types, while almost no significant differences were observed after four growing seasons. Model analyses showed that initial seedling height and RCD had a significant effect on seedling height after planting until the second growing season, while the effect of planted seedling age and plot became increasingly significant after the third growing season. The difference in seedling type, bareroot versus container-grown seedlings, had no effect on the seedling height during the four growing seasons after planting. A decision tree analysis suggests that the seedlings with sufficiently large RCD and young age, regardless of seedling type, can grow taller than surrounding vegetation more quickly.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Stock Type On Growthsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Seedling Size, Stock Type, and Mechanical Site Preparation Method on Initial Survival and Growth of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Seedlings

Harayama

Tsuyama

Kitao

et al. 2023

Forests

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the mechanisms of responses to soil compactions would have much in common between vegetation plants and woody plants (Bengough et al 2011, Correa et al 2019), the duration and degree of soil compaction would vary between vegetation plants and tree seedlings in elds (Ohsato et al 1996, Sinnet et al 2008, Reicis et al 2023) because most vegetation relies on the natural regeneration while the seedlings are arti cially planted after machine running. On the other hand, in the afforestation elds, the initial growth of seedlings is signi cantly suppressed by the shade effects of vegetation (Wagner et al 2006, Harayama et al 2022. Weeding vegetation to eliminate the shade effect often accounts for approximately half of the total reforestation costs in the rst decade in temperate forests (Masaki et al 2017), where vegetation growth is particularly vigorous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil compaction and vegetation weeding on the above-, and belowground growth of boreal evergreen conifer seedlings

Sugai

Harayama

Tobita

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

If the soil compaction by the running of forestry machines does not suppress the growth of planted seedlings, this operation may be an alternative method to conventional weeding to control vegetation competition. To evaluate the effects of soil compaction and the weeding of vegetation on seedlings of three boreal evergreen coniferous species, the field experiment was conducted for two years. Under weeding conditions, the main target species, Abies sachalinensis seedlings with thick fine roots showed relatively robust belowground growth under soil compaction rather than the other Picea species with thin fine roots. The soil compaction suppressed the density and height of vegetation, mitigating the light conditions. In A. sachalinensis seedings, leaf mass per area, nitrogen content per leaf area, and specific root length of fine roots significantly respond to the weeding treatment without soil compaction. No weeding suppressed the relative growth rate in root collar diameter and aboveground volume, while these changes were not observed under soil compaction. Both the results of light conditions and the responses of seedlings indicated that the competitive conditions were weakened by soil compaction. These results suggested that when planting the functional type with thicker fine roots, such as A. sachalinensis, the machine running may contribute to the forest vegetation management.

show abstract

“…Vegetation management is a crucial silvicultural practice for forest establishment, regeneration, and growth (Wagner et al, 2006;Willoughby et al, 2009;McCarthy et al, 2011). The survival and growth of target tree seedlings can be profoundly affected by vegetation competition (Richardson et al, 1996;Biring et al, 2003;Kitao et al, 2022;Harayama et al, 2023b). Evergreen dwarf bamboo, with its low environmental requirements, robust clonal reproduction through rhizomes, and adaptability to heavy snow, often sustains prolonged dominance in the understory of cool temperate forests in Japan (Figure S1a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, MSP is occasionally implemented through topsoil scari cation using an excavator-mounted bucket and mulching with a forest mulcher attached to an excavator for postlogging vegetation management (Yamada et al, 2018;Oya et al, 2021;Harayama et al, 2023a), although manual site preparation remains predominant. In birch forests where the upper trees had been lost due to logging or natural disturbances in Hokkaido, both bucket scari cation MSP and mulching MSP have effectively suppressed dwarf bamboo regeneration, enabling the emergence of deciduous perennials and shrubs, previously sti ed by dense dwarf bamboo cover (Yamazaki and Yoshida, 2020;Harayama et al, 2023b). As Sakhalin r is highly shade-tolerant (Kitao et al, 2018;Kitao et al, 2019), similar to other American and European Abies species (Claveau et al, 2002;Dobrowolska et al, 2017), its seedlings' survival and growth may be less impacted by deciduous vegetation compared with evergreen dwarf bamboo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight-year survival and growth of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis) seedlings with one weeding operation: Impact of mechanical site preparation, vegetation release, summer planting, stock type, and forwarder trail

Harayama,

Tsuyama,

Yamada

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Hokkaido, northern Japan, bareroot Sakhalin fir seedlings are conventionally planted in short periods during spring and fall following strip site preparation that alternates managed and unmanaged strips to reduce labor requirements. Postplanting, seven years of weeding are imperative owing to the relentless encroachment of evergreen dwarf bamboo from unmanaged strips. Given diminishing forest labor availability, this protocol poses increasing challenges. We hypothesized that comprehensive mechanical site preparation (MSP) to eradicate dwarf bamboo across the entire site could reduce weeding frequency by delaying the regeneration of competing vegetation. Furthermore, using container seedlings could extend the planting season to summer. Over an eight-year period, we examined the survival and growth of summer-planted bareroot and container seedlings in a fully MSP-treated site, with a single weeding operation conducted in the fifth year. Whole-site MSP induced a shift from dwarf bamboo to deciduous woody and herbaceous species, fostering consistently high Sakhalin fir seedling survival and growth rates despite the lone weeding operation. Container seedlings exhibited superior establishment after summer planting and maintained higher survival rates over eight years relative to bareroot seedlings. Planting in the forwarder trail detrimentally impacted overall seedling growth and survival. These findings advocate for container seedling summer planting alongside comprehensive MSP as an effective Sakhalin fir reforestation technique, mitigating weeding frequency and broadening the planting timeframe.

show abstract

Growth and survival of hybrid larch F1 (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) and Japanese larch under various intensities of competition

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of Seedling Size, Stock Type, and Mechanical Site Preparation Method on Initial Survival and Growth of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Seedlings

Effects of Seedling Size, Stock Type, and Mechanical Site Preparation Method on Initial Survival and Growth of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Seedlings

Effects of soil compaction and vegetation weeding on the above-, and belowground growth of boreal evergreen conifer seedlings

Eight-year survival and growth of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis) seedlings with one weeding operation: Impact of mechanical site preparation, vegetation release, summer planting, stock type, and forwarder trail

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About