Growth and spectroscopic properties of Tm3+ and Tb3+ co-doped GdScO3 crystal

Spectroscopic properties of Tm:Bi4Ge3O12 crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down method

“…For 1.45 µm emission, the lifetime of the terminal 3 F 4 level is much longer than that of the initial 3 H 4 level, making the 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 transition self-terminating . The sensitive co-doping ions like Pr 3+ , Ho 3+ and Tb 3+ ions were proposed to depopulate 3 F 4 state efficiently [40][41][42], which will be our next investigation in the near future.…”

Pr3+ deactivation effect to Tm3+ at ∼1.5 μm emission in Bi4Ge3O12 crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down method

“…where τTm/Pr and τTm are the lifetime of Tm 3+ : 3 F4 level in Tm:BGO crystals with and without Pr 3+ co-doping, respectively. With increasing the Pr 3+ doping concentration from 0.1 at.% to 0.5 at.%, the energy transfer efficiency increased from 78.0% to 93.6%, which is much higher than that in Tm,Tb:GdScO3 (35.7% [7]) and Tm,Tb:GLSO (74.4% [6]), indicating that Pr 3+ ions can efficiently quench the lower laser level of the Tm 3+ : 3 F4. Moreover, the upper laser level ( 3 H4) to lower laser level ( 3 F4) fluorescence lifetime ratio in Tm,Pr:BGO crystals are calculated and are also listed in Table 1.…”

“…Unfortunately, the self-terminating transition ( 3 H4 → 3 F4) of Tm 3+ ions, namely, the upper level ( 3 H4), has a shorter lifetime than the lower one ( 3 F4), almost extinguishing the probability of population inversion for lasing at around the 1.5 μm wavelength. In order to achieve intense Tm 3+ : 3 H4 → 3 F4 NIR emissions for practical laser operation, co-doping deactivating ions, such as Tb 3+ [4][5][6][7][8][9], Ho 3+ [8]and Eu 3+ [9,10], is an effective way to depopulate the Tm 3+ : 3 F4 level for population inversion and create a desirable fluorescence lifetime ratio. Moreover, Tm 3+ lasers emitting at around 1.5 μm have been demonstrated in Tm 3+ /Ho 3+ co-doped YLiF4 crystal [11], Tm 3+ /Tb 3+ co-doped YLiF4 crystal [12] and Tm 3+ /Ho 3+ co-doped tellurite glass microsphere [13].…”

Phase-sensitive radioluminescence and photoluminescence features in Tm3+-doped yttrium tantalates for cyan and white light generation

“…80 The lifetimes observed for the Tm 3+ -doped YTO in this work are longer than several of the Tm 3+ doped oxide systems studied in the literature, i.e. GdVO 4 (0.013 ms), YVO 4 (0.007 ms), 81 GdNbO 4 (0.009 ms), 82 LiTaO 3 (0.090 ms), 83 Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (0.250 ms), 84 CaWO 4 (0.001 ms), SrWO 4 (0.002 ms), BaWO 4 (0.002 ms), 85 GdScO 3 (0.253 ms) 86 and so forth.…”

“…80 The lifetimes observed for the Tm 3+ -doped YTO in this work are longer than several of the Tm 3+ doped oxide systems studied in the literature, i.e. GdVO 4 (0.013 ms), YVO 4 (0.007 ms), 81 GdNbO 4 (0.009 ms), 82 LiTaO 3 (0.090 ms), 83 Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (0.250 ms), 84 CaWO 4 (0.001 ms), SrWO 4 (0.002 ms), BaWO 4 (0.002 ms), 85 GdScO 3 (0.253 ms) 86 and so forth. Moreover, monitoring the emission at 459 ( 1 D 2 → 3 H 5 ) and 655 nm ( 1 G 4 → 3 F 4 ), it is possible to observe that the 1 D 2 state exhibits a lower lifetime value as compared to the 1 G 4 , which agrees with our previous results for the time-resolved emission spectra shown in Fig.…”