Growth and Saxitoxin Production by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) Correlate with Water Hardness

Carneiro, Ronaldo Leal; Pacheco, Amílcar; Azevedo, Sandra Maria Feliciano de Oliveira e

doi:10.3390/md11082949

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Both C. raciborskii and S. aphanizomenoides are potential toxin producers. C. raciborskii is known to produce cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin and also unknown compounds with toxic effects (Hawkins et al ; Carneiro et al ; de la Cruz et al ; Poniedziałek et al ). S. aphanizomenoides has only been reported to produce one microcystin variant, in a single study on a strain isolated from a brackish lake in Morocco (Sabour et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domination of invasive Nostocales (Cyanoprokaryota) at 52°N latitude

Budzyńska

Gołdyn

2017

Phycological Research

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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides are increasingly widespread cyanobacterial species, considered invasive. However, they have never been found to dominate the phytoplankton in the northern part of the invaded area. The aim of our study was to expand the understanding of the invasion process in Nostocales, by answering the question which environmental conditions enabled the first ever noted bloom incident of C. raciborskii and S. aphanizomenoides in the northern part of their current occurrence ranges. We examined the population dynamics of the two invasive cyanobacteria and the abiotic conditions in which their blooms developed in a reservoir at 52 N. We also examined the phytoplankton community diversity and composition before and during the invasive species blooms. As shown by redundancy analysis, the competitive advantage of S. aphanizomenoides depended strongly on high water temperature and high concentration of phosphates, and was positively related to other summer conditions (low water transparency, high ammonium nitrogen concentration). C. raciborskii biomass was not related to temperature and phosphates, but we argue that high water temperature in the first half of July enabled abundant akinete germination, and pulsed phosphorus availability synergized to bring about a later bloom. Both the invasive species co-occurred with the native cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile, but C. raciborskii bloomed after the native species domination period. The results of the study corroborate the high competitiveness of S. aphanizomenoides in hot, nutrient-rich conditions, and the adaptation of the invaders to the environment in the invaded regions, inter alia by the overwintering mechanism of numerous akinete differentiation. Our results also contradict the assumption that the phytoplankton diversity index would decrease after colonization of freshwater bodies by invasive cyanoprokaryotes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domination of invasive Nostocales (Cyanoprokaryota) at 52°N latitude

Budzyńska

Gołdyn

2017

Phycological Research

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“…Na levels and EC were only slightly higher in the summer bloom period (average [Na] = 28.2 p.p.m., average EC = 399 μS cm − 1 ) than in the autumn period (average [Na] = 18.9 p.p.m., average EC = 361 μS-cm − 1 ). Although it is unlikely that Na concentration was sufficient to suppress the growth of any cyanobacterial species, several studies have demonstrated a link between ionic flux and toxin production (Pomati et al, 2004;Wilhelm et al, 2011;Carneiro et al, 2013), presenting a credible route through which subtle changes in Na concentrations may influence, via secondary and tertiary mechanisms, the cyanobacterial and bacterial community composition Mou et al, 2013).…”

Section: Eubacterial Diversity and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an evident difficulty in correlating many environmental parameters with cyanobacterial community composition, toxicity or toxigenicity across such studies (Rinta-Kanto et al, 2009;Al-Tebrineh et al, 2011;Otten et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2014;Ngwa et al, 2014). In part, this lack of correlation can be attributed to genomic variability among closely related strains (Humbert et al, 2013;Sinha et al, 2014), giving rise to differing growth optima and potential to produce a myriad of toxic and non-toxic metabolites (Humbert et al, 2013), changes in the genome copy number throughout the growth phase (Griese et al, 2011) and uncertainty regarding the control of regulatory systems that direct the expression of toxic metabolites (Kaebernick et al, 2000;Alexova et al, 2011;Carneiro et al, 2013;Neilan et al, 2013;Rzymski and Poniedziałek, 2014;Makower et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial communities reflect temporal changes in cyanobacterial composition in a shallow ephemeral freshwater lake

et al. 2015

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The frequency of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms is at risk of increasing as a consequence of climate change and eutrophication of waterways. It is increasingly apparent that abiotic data are insufficient to explain variability within the cyanobacterial community, with biotic factors such as heterotrophic bacterioplankton, viruses and protists emerging as critical drivers. During the Australian summer of 2012-2013, a bloom that occurred in a shallow ephemeral lake over a 6-month period was comprised of 22 distinct cyanobacteria, including Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Oscillatoria and Sphaerospermopsis. Cyanobacterial cell densities, bacterial community composition and abiotic parameters were assessed over this period. Alpha-diversity indices and multivariate analysis were successful at differentiating three distinct bloom phases and the contribution of abiotic parameters to each. Network analysis, assessing correlations between biotic and abiotic variables, reproduced these phases and assessed the relative importance of both abiotic and biotic factors. Variables possessing elevated betweeness centrality included temperature, sodium and operational taxonomic units belonging to the phyla Verrucomicrobia, Planctomyces, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Species-specific associations between cyanobacteria and bacterioplankton, including the free-living Actinobacteria acI, Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, were also identified. We concluded that changes in the abundance and nature of freshwater cyanobacteria are associated with changes in the diversity and composition of lake bacterioplankton. Given this, an increase in the frequency of cyanobacteria blooms has the potential to alter nutrient cycling and contribute to long-term functional perturbation of freshwater systems.

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“…The R. raciborskii has high adaptability to unfavorable conditions because of its physiological characteristics, that includes akinete formation and tolerance to low phosphorus and nitrogen availability (10). Most important, saxitoxin producing strains of R. raciborskii where positively selected among non-producing strains in NE superficial freshwater reservoir, as STXs would serve as a protection against water high salinity and or hardness (11–13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus

Pedrosa

Souza

Lima

et al. 2019

Preprint

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31The northeast (NE) region of Brazil commonly goes through drought periods, which 32 favor cyanobacterial blooms, capable of producing neurotoxins with implications for human 33 and animal health. The most severe dry spell in the history of Brazil occurred between 2012 34 and 2016. Coincidently, the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with the Zika virus 35 (ZIKV) outbreak was described in the NE region of Brazil during the same years. In this 36 work, we tested the hypothesis that saxitoxin (STX), a neurotoxin produced in South America 37 by the freshwater cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii, could have contributed to the most 38 severe Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) profile described worldwide. Quality surveillance 39 showed higher cyanobacteria amounts and STX occurrence in human drinking water supplies 40 of NE compared to other regions of Brazil. Experimentally, we described that STX doubled 41 the amount of ZIKV-induced neural cell death in progenitor areas of human brain organoids, 42 while the chronic ingestion of water contaminated with STX before and during gestation 43 caused brain abnormalities in offspring of ZIKV-infected immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. 44Our data indicate that saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria is overspread in water reservoirs of 45 the NE and might have acted as a co-insult to ZIKV infection in Brazil. These results raise a 46 public health concern regarding the consequences of arbovirus outbreaks happening in areas 47 with droughts and/or frequent freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. 48Author summary 49 The uncontrolled spreading of cyanobacteria in drinking water reservoirs has been the 50 cause of serious public health problems worldwide. Toxin-producing cyanobacterial blooms 51 commonly occur during drought periods in the northeast (NE) region of Brazil. During Zika 52Virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015-16, Brazilian NE showed disproportionately higher 53 microcephaly incidence. Here, we test the hypothesis that the cyanotoxin saxitoxin (STX) 54 3 may act as a co-insult for ZIKV. Water quality surveillance data showed increased 55 cyanobacteria population and higher STX amount in NE region during 2014-2018 we observed that neural progenitor cell death was doubled after STX exposure to ZIKV-57 infected brain organoids. In vivo, chronic ingestion of STX during gestational period 58 potentiated ZIKV-derived brain abnormalities in newborn mice. Our study provides new 59 insights that may explain the discrepancies among Brazilian regions regarding CZS severity. 60Moreover, the data highlight the importance of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin freshwater 61 monitoring for future arbovirus outbreaks. 62

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Growth and Saxitoxin Production by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) Correlate with Water Hardness

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Domination of invasive Nostocales (Cyanoprokaryota) at 52°N latitude

Domination of invasive Nostocales (Cyanoprokaryota) at 52°N latitude

Microbial communities reflect temporal changes in cyanobacterial composition in a shallow ephemeral freshwater lake

The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus

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