Growth and Reproduction of Hispid Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in Response to Naturally Occurring Levels of Dietary Protein

Cameron, Guy N.; Eshelman, Bruce D.

doi:10.2307/1382723

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the development of the skeleton is critically affected by malnutrition, and accordingly several studies have examined the effect of nutritional deficiencies on bone growth during gestation (Cameron and Eshelman 1996). Diverse forms of retarded skeletal growth have been reported, depending on the type of malnutrition and/or its intensity, as well as on the period in which the stress was applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone growth and sexual dimorphism at birth in intrauterine-growth-retarded rats

et al. 2010

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This paper addresses the effect of a reduction of uterine blood flow (RUB) on postcranial bone growth in rats. The objectives were: (1) to discover and characterize the changes evoked by growth retardation through a reduction in placental blood flow, (2) to see if the resulting growth retardation is different in each bone, and (3) to analyze any sex-specific features. RUB was induced by the partial bending of uterine vessels at day 1 of pregnancy. Control and sham-operated animals were also included. The animals were X-rayed at birth. The lengths and widths of the humerus, radius, and femur and pelvic length, interischial, interpubic, and pubic widths were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. The intersubject analysis showed significant differences between groups and non-significant differences between sexes. In males, sham-operated and RUB showed significant differences in pelvic lengths and widths, and humeral, radial, femoral, and tibial widths. In females, there were significant differences only for humeral widths, radial lengths and widths, and femoral and tibial widths. We conclude that reduced blood flow delays appendicular bone growth as observed at birth. Pelvic length was more affected than that of the limbs. The widths of the pelvic and limbs bones, in turn, were more altered than the lengths, and the growth of the males more than that of the females. Partial bending of uterine vessels compromised postcranial growth, though under such disadvantageous circumstances the females proved to be more capable of growing and thus more resilient than the males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone growth and sexual dimorphism at birth in intrauterine-growth-retarded rats

et al. 2010

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“…Protein malnutrition is known to have a significant and measurable effect on the rate and timing of growth (Golden 1994, Malcom 1979). Many studies demonstrate that insufficient levels of dietary protein inhibit growth and therefore increase the time necessary to reach full adult size (Cameron and Eshelman 1996, Dammrich 1991, Edozien and Switzer 1978, Prader et al 1963, Yayha and Millward 1994. Reviews by Golden (1994) and Martorell et al (1994) point out that skeletal height as well as bone maturity are delayed to similar extents and the growth period is prolonged in malnourished children; hence, the capacity for full recovery remains viable.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bones, Muscles and Visceral Organs of Protein-Malnourished Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Grow More Slowly but for Longer Durations to Reach Normal Final Size

Reichling

German²

2000

The Journal of Nutrition

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Starting at weaning (22 d), Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet high in protein (CT, 24% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPT, 4% protein) to determine how protein malnutrition alters the rate and timing of limb bone growth. Length and width measurements were taken from longitudinal radiographs to provide complete growth trajectories of both treatments. Data collection continued until rats reached adult size, which varied among diet-sex groups. The rats were then killed and five muscles and eight organs were weighed. A nonlinear Gompertz model was then fit to each trajectory for 13 skeletal measurements, producing parameters that described the rate and timing of growth for each rat, the unit of analysis. Parameter differences due to diet, sex and litter were tested by using a mixed-model, three-way ANOVA. For most measurements, the LPT rats were not significantly smaller than the CT rats, for the model's prediction of final size. Bone length was significantly less affected than width. The instantaneous initial growth rate, maximum rate of growth and rate of growth decay were significantly higher in the control rats for all measurements. The rats fed the low protein diet grew for significantly longer periods of time. For all muscles and most organs relative to body size, there was no difference between rats fed the two diets. The exceptions, eyes and brains, were proportionally larger in the LPT rats, suggesting that these organs receive nutritional priority during growth. For the systems in this study, structures that grow or have the potential for extended growth are less affected by the nutritional insult.

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“…The higher protein content in the diet of carnivores may better allow them to simultaneously meet their protein requirements for maintenance and reproduction than herbivores. Even without conflicting nutritional demands, the protein demands of reproduction can be difficult for animals to satisfy on an herbivorous diet given the low protein content of many plants (Smith and Green 1987;Cameron and Eshelman 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet mediates the relationship between longevity and reproduction in mammals

Wilder

Couteur

Simpson

2012

AGE

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The disposable soma hypothesis posits a negative correlation between longevity and reproduction, presumably because these aspects of fitness compete for a limited pool of nutrients. However, diet, which varies widely among animals, could affect the availability of key nutrients required for both reproduction and longevity, especially protein. We used a comparative database of mammal life history data to test the hypothesis that carnivores experience less of a negative relationship between reproduction and longevity than herbivores. Annual reproduction and adult mass were significant predictors of longevity among all mammals; although, the relative importance of reproduction and mass for explaining longevity varied among trophic levels. In herbivores, reproduction was a stronger predictor of longevity than mass. Carnivores showed the opposite pattern with reproduction explaining much less of the variation in longevity. Omnivores showed an intermediate pattern with mass and reproduction explaining similar amounts of variation in longevity. In addition, longevity and reproduction were significantly higher in omnivores than herbivores and carnivores, which were not different from each other. Higher dietary protein at higher trophic levels may allow mammals to avoid potential conflicts between reproduction and longevity. However, there may be potential costs of carnivorous diets that limit the overall performance of carnivores and explain the peak in reproduction and longevity for omnivores.

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Growth and Reproduction of Hispid Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in Response to Naturally Occurring Levels of Dietary Protein

Cited by 57 publications

References 60 publications

Bone growth and sexual dimorphism at birth in intrauterine-growth-retarded rats

Bone growth and sexual dimorphism at birth in intrauterine-growth-retarded rats

Bones, Muscles and Visceral Organs of Protein-Malnourished Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Grow More Slowly but for Longer Durations to Reach Normal Final Size

Diet mediates the relationship between longevity and reproduction in mammals

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