Growth and replication of red rain cells at 121°C and their red fluorescence

Abstract

We have shown that the red cells found in the Red Rain (which fell on Kerala, India, in 2001) survive and grow after incubation for periods of up to two hours at 121 o C . Under these conditions daughter cells appear within the original mother cells and the number of cells in the samples increases with length of exposure to 121 o C. No such increase in cells occurs at room temperature, suggesting that the increase in daughter cells is brought about by exposure of the Red Rain cells to high temperatures. This is an independent confirmation of results reported earlier by two of the present authors, claiming that the cells can replicate under high pressure at temperatures upto 300 o C. The flourescence behaviour of the red cells is shown to be in remarkable correspondence with the extended red emission observed in the Red Rectagle planetary nebula and other galactic and extragalactic dust clouds, suggesting, though not proving an extraterrestrial origin.

The biological big bang: the first oceans of primordial planets at 2-8 million years explain Hoyle/Wickramasinghe cometary panspermia

“…The handedness of sugars and amino acids are chemically arbitrary, so DNA life should appear in either R or D forms. Figure 8 shows results from other laboratories 20 that generally replicate the Louis and Kumar results.…”

Primordial planets, comets, and moons foster life in the cosmos

“…Images of cyanobacteria from Muchison and Orgueil meteorites are available at Richard Hoover's website, along with numerous references, http://www.panspermia.org/hoover4.htm. The Louis and Kumar (2003) 18 investigations, supported by independent studies of Gangappa et al 20 , justify a conclusion that Red Rain organisms are living extraterrestrial hyperthermophiles of unknown provenance. We consider it likely that these organisms are of extraterrestrial origin delivered to the Earth by the mechanism of cometary panspermia.…”

“…The Louis and Kumar (2003) 18 investigations, supported by independent studies of Gangappa et al 20 , justify a conclusion that Red Rain organisms are living extraterrestrial hyperthermophiles of unknown provenance. We consider it likely that these organisms are of extraterrestrial origin delivered to the Earth by the mechanism of cometary panspermia.…”

“…b. Transmission electron microscope images of Louis Red Rain cells show complex inner structures, mother and daughter cells, and highly variable cell wall thicknesses at various life cycle stages 20 .…”