Growth and quality of young oaks (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) grown in cluster plantings in central Europe: A weighted meta-analysis

Saha, Somidh; Kuehne, Christian; Kohnle, Ulrich; Brang, Peter; Ehring, Andreas; Geisel, J; Leder, Bertram; Muth, Michael; Petersen, Regina; Peter, J. Szucs; Rühm, W.; Bauhus, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.021

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Despite higher browsing incidence, peripheral oaks in our nests were taller than those in the internal zone (Dobrowolska, in prep.). The discussed oak regeneration method became popular at the end of the twentieth century in Germany and France (Saha et al 2012), but very little is known about browsing incidence in trees planted in nests. Nest planting cannot be directly compared with other regeneration methods (such as single oak planting) based on our findings because the analysed plantations also differed considerably in oak density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oak stands can be established among others by cluster planting (Saha et al 2012 and citations therein). Two cluster planting methods are used to establish oak stands: nest planting and group planting-the size of a nest is remarkably smaller than that of a group (Saha et al 2012 and citations therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two cluster planting methods are used to establish oak stands: nest planting and group planting-the size of a nest is remarkably smaller than that of a group (Saha et al 2012 and citations therein). In general, group planting (seedling spacing -1 9 1 m; 19-27 trees per group) is more effective than nest planting (seedlings spacing-0.2 9 0.2 m; 21 trees per nest), whereas nest planting as oak admixtures has been rarely studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, group planting (seedling spacing -1 9 1 m; 19-27 trees per group) is more effective than nest planting (seedlings spacing-0.2 9 0.2 m; 21 trees per nest), whereas nest planting as oak admixtures has been rarely studied. The nest planting approach has been co-developed by Szymański (1983) (see Saha et al 2012 for the history of the method) who postulated that it should be used mainly for planting oak admixtures in Scots pine plantations. According to Szymański (1983), nests also offer protection against browsing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Young conifer stands form a deer browsing refuge for an oak admixture: silvicultural implications for forest regeneration under herbivore pressure

Borkowski

Dobrowolska

Dąbrowski³

et al. 2017

Eur J Forest Res

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There is little knowledge how ungulate pressure on forest regeneration may be mitigated by silvicultural methods. The knowledge is especially needed for artificially regenerated, deciduous tree species. We studied factors affecting browsing incidence by deer in the Pisz Forest District in Poland, an area where 10,000 ha of forest was damaged by a 2002 hurricane. In 2006, we established three experimental plots (in total, 22.6 ha), in which the main species was Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) admixed with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). The data on browsing were collected in 2008-2015. In general, oak browsing incidence was unrelated to oak planting density. On a plantation scale, it was significantly affected by the pine age. Although in each variant all the oaks were browsed for four consecutive years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012), in 2013 browsing incidence began to decrease. When the pines grew higher and formed a physical barrier, it was harder for deer-roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces)-to move through and locate the oaks. Moreover, within plantations, oak browsing incidence was higher in the patches with shorter pines.Browsing of individual saplings or small groups of saplings was also negatively affected by the height of neighbouring pine saplings. Oak density influenced deer selectivity depending on the tree height. In a low oak tree density, browsing incidence was unrelated to oak height, while in higher tree density, deer selected oaks of the height between 40 and 100 cm. We postulate that deciduous admixture in a coniferous (unattractive) stand can be planted with a few year delay. Older coniferous trees should impede locating of attractive tree species by deer and the browsing incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Young conifer stands form a deer browsing refuge for an oak admixture: silvicultural implications for forest regeneration under herbivore pressure

Borkowski

Dobrowolska

Dąbrowski³

et al. 2017

Eur J Forest Res

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“…Pedunculate oak trees have been found to exhibit tolerance to the changing warming climate. Therefore, their share in tree-covered areas in Central Europe will be increasing (Saha et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of urban conditions on different tree species in public green areas in the city of Poznan

Krzyżaniak

Świerk

Walerzak

et al. 2015

Folia Horticulturae

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Parks in urbanised areas fulfil an important function as they create a positive climate in cities and contribute to the good health of their inhabitants. The study gives an answer to the question of which of the species under investigation is the most suitable for planting in urbanised areas. The aim of the research conducted from 2013 to 2014 at selected sites in Poznan (Poland) was to determine the state of health of Tilia cordata Mill., Acer platanoides L. and Quercus robur L. trees and to compare their state of health depending on the location of the research sites. The aim of the research was also to determine the environmental variables that may have an influence on the state of health of the tree species under analysis. The research included statistical analyses and models based on discriminant analysis. The research revealed that the state of health of the tree species under investigation growing in the city is determined by anthropogenic factors. The closeness of the city centre, main thoroughfares and estates heated with fossil fuels are the factors that have the most negative influence on the state of health of oak, maple and lime trees. Acer platanoides L. was the species in the best state of health in parks, whereas in forests it was Tilia cordata Mill.Ke y wor d s: Norway maple, pedunculate oak, small-leaved lime, statistical models, urbanised areas

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Do early‐successional weeds facilitate or compete with seedlings in forest restoration? Disentangling abiotic versus biotic factors

Arias

Kariyat

Wahl

et al. 2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Semi‐arid forests need cost‐effective restoration strategies to address their severe degradation. Tree shelters are often used to minimize abiotic and biotic stress during seedling establishment. We asked if early‐successional weeds act as a natural shelter by facilitating native seedlings, contingent on abiotic and biotic stressors and seedling ecological strategy. We conducted a manipulative weed exclusion experiment at a semi‐arid site in South Texas targeted for large‐scale forest restoration to discern the net effect of weeds on the growth and survival of target thornscrub tree and shrub seedlings. We assessed the roles of contrasting seedling ecological strategies (fast vs. slow growth habit), temporal variation in abiotic stress, microclimate and mammalian herbivory in modulating weed–seedling interactions. Ungulate herbivory on seedlings was common, of similar frequency across most species, but not diminished by the presence of weed neighbours. On average, seedlings growing adjacent to weed neighbours experienced modest but non‐significant increases in both height and mortality after 6 months, relative to weed‐excluded areas. However, seedlings without significant herbivory and adjacent to weed neighbours grew more vigorously (increased height and branching) during hot and dry periods, particularly those species with a fast growth habit. Although seedling light‐saturated photosynthetic capacity (Asat) and air temperature were unaffected by weed presence during hot and dry periods, afternoon light levels were reduced by approximately 50%, possibly indicative of lower leaf temperatures and improved seedling water status. Our results show that realizing the facilitative potential of weeds in semi‐arid forest restoration requires minimizing mammalian herbivory and temporally separating competition for resources. Managing for intermediate but not excessive levels of forb canopy cover is likely required to reduce high radiation loads and reduce transpiration without adverse competitive effects. Longer‐term experiments manipulating cover crop identity, cover and mammalian herbivory will inform whether forbs can be effectively exploited to enhance restoration success at large scales.

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Growth and quality of young oaks (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) grown in cluster plantings in central Europe: A weighted meta-analysis

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Young conifer stands form a deer browsing refuge for an oak admixture: silvicultural implications for forest regeneration under herbivore pressure

Young conifer stands form a deer browsing refuge for an oak admixture: silvicultural implications for forest regeneration under herbivore pressure

The impact of urban conditions on different tree species in public green areas in the city of Poznan

Do early‐successional weeds facilitate or compete with seedlings in forest restoration? Disentangling abiotic versus biotic factors

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