Growth and Pubertal Features in a Cohort of 83 Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Abstract

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease characterized by fragile bones and variable short stature. Method We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate demographic data, clinical findings, growth and pubertal characteristics, and medical treatment of 83 OI patients. Results 83 (31 female/52 male) patients were enrolled in the study. The median follow-up duration was 4.7 (0.6–17.7) years. 51 out of 83 patients (61.4%) received bisphosphonate therapy. The median Z-score of the bone mineral density improved in patients with OI-I and OI-III with the treatment. During follow-up, height-SDS significantly increased in both OI-I and OI-III on treatment; however, final adult height SDS of patients did not improve. The frequency of overweight and obesity was found to be increased at the last evaluation compared to the admission. The rate of precocious puberty (PP) and early puberty (EP) were 20 and 10% in girls, and they were 15.7 and 47.3% in boys, respectively. Conclusion Reduced growth, significant weight gain over time due to impaired mobility, and high frequency of PP/EP require effective interventions to improve mobility and functional parameters as early as possible in children with OI.