Growth and production dynamics of Calanus glacialis in an arctic pelagic food web

Abstract

A production model for the herbivorous arctic copepod Calanus glacialis is presented. The model combines data on growth rates obtained from energy balance studies with population structure data gathered during the arctic productive period. A 2 yr life cycle suggests that the species is present in the plankton as 2 main year classes, thus enabling it to utilize the short annual spring bloom during both spawning and the intensive growth period from CIV to CV This pattern of life cycle should reduce the probability of food limitation during spawning and during periods of high lipid deposition as from CIV to CV A tentative assessment of total annual production is calculated to 8.4 g C m-' with a maximum of 0.16 g C m-2 d-' during August. PIB ratios calculated from balance experiments ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 during July. Results from sensitivity analysis are presented in order to highlight especially important ecological aspects of this species in the arctic environment.

Life cycle plasticity and differential growth and development in marine and lacustrine populations of an Antarctic copepod

“…Our estimate of the annual somatic production of P. antarctica at the marine site, 123 mg C m Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1 , although based on reliable estimates of growth rate, was compromised by a crude estimate of biomass. This number was low compared with estimates of annual secondary production by large polar copepods such as C. glacialis (8.4 g C m Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1 ; Slagstad and Tande 1990). The similar sized Pseudocalanus minutus achieved yearly rates of 341-496 mg C m Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1 during 1957 in Ogac Lake (McLaren 1969), which is approximately threefold higher than our yearly rate.…”

“…Growth rates and production-The annual patterns of somatic growth rates that we calculated are similar to that predicted from modeling studies of Calanus glacialis for a biennial life cycle (Slagstad and Tande 1990), with environmental factors determining periods of zero growth alternating with periods of rapid growth. The unusual, and perhaps unique, feature of P. antarctica is that this copepod overwinters in the naupliar stages, whereas most polar calanoids overwinter as late-stage copepodids.…”

Zooplankton community structure and dynamics in the Arctic Canada Basin during a period of intense environmental change (2004-2009)

“…The older copepodites (CIII–CV) and adults of this species spend only a few months at the surface, rising to the upper 100 m during July/August, before descending to intermediate depths (400–500 m) during late summer, and to ∼500 m in September [ Ashjian et al ., ]. Calanus glacialis also undergoes seasonal migration [ Kolosova and Melnikov , ; Slagstad and Tande , ], with observations of adults/CV copepodites centered below 200 m during winter in the Canada Basin [ Ashjian et al ., ], while Limacina helicina has been shown to become more dispersed through the water column during winter [ Kobayashi , ]. Since our sampling in 2009 occurred in the second half of September it is most likely that the extremely low C. hyperboreus biomass and reduced biomass of C. glacialis and L. helicina in that year can be attributed to sampling occurring in the upper 100 m of the water column, above the fall vertical distribution maxima for these species.…”

Lipid storage in marine zooplankton

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