Growth and physiological responses of Panax ginseng seedlings as affected by light intensity and photoperiod

Lee, Byungkwan; Pham, Minh Duy; Cui, Meiyan; Lee, Hyein; Hwang, Hyunseung; Jang, In-Bae; Chun, Changhoo

doi:10.1007/s13580-022-00448-0

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The light intensity as high as 180 PPFD significantly restricted the growth of the ginseng plants, as displayed by the decreased whole weight capacity and root development, together with the disturbed leaf performances (Figures 2, 3 and 5). These findings were in agreement with Lee's report, indicating that the photoinhibition may have limited the electron transport even though the light saturation point was not reached for ginseng growth [29][30][31]. In particular, the ginseng plants cultivated with the light intensity exceeding 230 PPFD developed photoinhibition symptoms, as characterized by leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and stunted leaves (Figure 2) [20,[32][33][34].…”

Section: Growth and Morphological Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…During the ginseng growth period, the shoot elongation first increased and then diminished, contributing to a decline in the biomass, along with all the consecutive biomass improvements migrating into the roots. Subsequently, the root weight increased via photosynthesis via the three completely expanded trifoliate leaves after the canopy was formed; therefore, the growth of the PGSs was established solely on the mentioned leaves [29,35,37,38]. In this study, the leaf areas of the ginseng plants treated with 30 PPFD were similar to those of the ginseng plants under the 80 PPFD regime (Figure 5A,D), indicating that the leaf development of the PGSs was not significantly affected when the light intensity was below 80 PPFD.…”

Section: Growth and Morphological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Sprouts

Song,

Yang,

Jeong

2023

Agronomy

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Compared to the traditional production of ginseng roots, Panax ginseng sprouts (PGSs) are currently regarded as a substitute due to the relatively short-term culture but still high nutrition. However, the optimal light intensity for the growth ability of PGSs and the characterizations of the responses of PGSs to the light intensity have been largely neglected. This study aimed to determine the influences of the light intensity on the growth, morphogenesis, and photosynthetic responses in PGSs. To this end, two-year-old ginseng rootlets were subjected to one of six light intensities (from 30 to 280 PPFD with 50 PPFD intervals) in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) via LED light for 10 weeks. On the whole, the recorded parameters of the PGSs showed gradually decreasing trends in response to the increasing light intensities. However, the 80 PPFD-treated PGSs possessed similar or greater root dry weights, leaf areas, carotenoids levels, and photosynthesis (the maximal PSII quantum yield) compared to those in the 30 PPFD regime. Additionally, photoinhibition symptoms as evidenced by chlorosis, necrosis, and stunted growth were observed as the light intensity attained 180 PPFD. Thus, 130 PPFD could be considered a safe point for the appearance of photoinhibition in PGSs. Taken together, we show that the light intensity range of 30–80 PPFD is suitable for maximizing the production of PGSs in PFALs.

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Section: Growth and Morphological Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Growth and Morphological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Sprouts

Song,

Yang,

Jeong

2023

Agronomy

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“…According to Lee at el. (2022), a light intensity of 50 µmol m −2 s −1 PPFD with a 12 h d −1 photoperiod was a suitable light environment for both the shoot and root growth of ginseng seedlings [86]. However, the ginseng sprout grower (Dream Farm, Sacheon, Republic of Korea) used 30 µmol m −2 s −1 PPFD with a 12 h d −1 photoperiod.…”

Section: Lighting Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top and Side Lighting Induce Morphophysiological Improvements in Korean Ginseng Sprouts (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Grown from One-Year-Old Roots

Yang

Song

Sakthivel

et al. 2023

Plants

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Nowadays, not only the roots, but also leaves and flowers of ginseng are increasingly popular ingredients in supplements for healthcare products and traditional medicine. The cultivation of the shade-loving crop, ginseng, is very demanding in terms of the light environment. Along with the intensity and duration, light direction is another important factor in regulating plant morphophysiology. In the current study, three lighting directions—top (T), side (S), or top + side (TS)—with an intensity of 30 ± 5 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were employed. Generally, compared with the single T lighting, the composite lighting direction, TS, was more effective in shaping the ginseng with improved characteristics, including shortened, thick shoots; enlarged, thick leaves; more leaf trichomes; earlier flower bud formation; and enhanced photosynthesis. The single S light resulted in the worst growth parameters and strongly inhibited the flower bud formation, leading to the latest flower bud observation. Additionally, the S lighting acted as a positive factor in increasing the leaf thickness and number of trichomes on the leaf adaxial surface. However, the participation of the T lighting weakened these traits. Overall, the TS lighting was the optimal direction for improving the growth and development traits in ginseng. This preliminary research may provide new ideas and orientations in ginseng cultivation lodging resistance and improving the supply of ginseng roots, leaves, and flowers to the market.

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“…Apart from temperature, light is a well-known factor that not only affects ginseng output and quality, but is also directly correlated with photosynthetic activity [6,19,21,22]. Light intensity is of great importance for plant growth and the production of health-promoting phytochemicals, because ginseng is a semi-shade species [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, data concerning the synergistic effects of DIF and light intensity on root growth, leaf morphological development, and photosynthetic capacity in PGS remain incipient, especially in controlled environments. Recently, more and more attention has been focused on PGS production in plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL), specifically on the delivery of uniform and pesticide-free transplants [6,22,24,28]. Therefore, closedtype plant production systems (CPPSs) make it possible to investigate the optimal DIF and light intensity for the production of high-quality PGS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference between Day and Night Temperature (DIF) and Light Intensity Affect Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Panax ginseng Meyer Sprouts

Song,

Yang,

Jeong

2023

Plants

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Panax ginseng sprouts (PGS) have the advantage of requiring short-term cultivation while maintaining higher ginsenoside contents than traditional ginseng seedlings. It is feasible to improve their yield capacity by manipulating physical factors such as temperature and light. This study therefore investigated the effects of the DIF (difference between day and night temperature) and LI (light intensity) on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of PGS. To this end, four DIF treatments (18/22 °C, 20/20 °C, 22/22 °C, 22/18 °C), corresponding to two LI regimes (20 PPFD, 200 PPFD), were applied on one-year-old ginseng rootlets in closed-type plant production systems (CPPSs). The PGS had distinctly different responses to the eight treatments. In particular, we found that negative DIF considerably hampered the growth and development of roots, shoots, leaves, and photosynthesis, regardless of the LI considered. The PGS treated with 20/20 °C combined with 20 PPFD displayed the best root growth, shoot development, leaf area, as well as optimal photosynthetic ability. On the other hand, we further showed that the root growth rate was positively correlated with the stem diameter, leaf traits, and photosynthetic ability, whereas it was negatively correlated with the petiole length, stem length, and shoot length. Collectively, 20/20 °C combined with 20 PPFD was the optimal condition in the current study, and may be regarded as a successful strategy for large-scale productions of PGS.

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Growth and physiological responses of Panax ginseng seedlings as affected by light intensity and photoperiod

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Sprouts

Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Sprouts

Top and Side Lighting Induce Morphophysiological Improvements in Korean Ginseng Sprouts (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Grown from One-Year-Old Roots

Difference between Day and Night Temperature (DIF) and Light Intensity Affect Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Panax ginseng Meyer Sprouts

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