Growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces

Miguélez, Elisa M.; Martín, Cruz; Manzanal, Manuel B.; Hardisson, Carlos

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05726.x

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The architecture of the zone of localized peptidoglycan polymerization at the tip is not clear, but may be organized by cytoplasmic elements. It is also likely that the cell wall at the tip exhibits some degree of flexibility and may be both osmotically susceptible and prone to autolysis (Prosser and Tough, 1991; Miguélez et al ., 1992), and DivIVA SC could have a role in maintaining the shape or integrity of the tip. The abundance of lysed hyphae upon partial depletion of the protein would be consistent with this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once formed, the cell poles appear to be inert and stable (de Pedro et al ., 1997). This is in sharp contrast to the situation in Streptomyces , which differs from most bacteria by growing as branching hyphae in a manner highly analogous to that of filamentous fungi: growth is extremely asymmetrical, and cell wall extension occurs by de novo incorporation of peptidoglycan precursors at the tips of hyphae (Braña et al ., 1982; Gray et al ., 1990; Prosser and Tough, 1991; Miguélez et al ., 1992). On the other hand, DNA is replicated in a much greater portion of the hyphal length (Kummer and Kretschmer, 1986; Prosser and Tough, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential role of DivIVA in polar growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Flärdh

2003

Molecular Microbiology

205

241

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SummaryStreptomycetes grow by cell wall extension at hyphal tips. The molecular basis for such polar growth in prokaryotes is largely unknown. It is reported here that DivIVA SC , the Streptomyces coelicolor homologue of the Bacillus subtilis protein DivIVA, is essential and directly involved in hyphal tip growth and morphogenesis. A DivIVA SC -EGFP hybrid was distinctively localized to hyphal tips and lateral branches. Reduction of divIVA SC expression to about 10% of the normal level produced a phenotype strikingly similar to that of many tip growth mutants in fungi, including irregular curly hyphae and apical branching. Overexpression of the gene dramatically perturbed determination of cell shape at the growing tips. Furthermore, staining of nascent peptidoglycan with a fluorescent vancomycin conjugate revealed that induction of overexpression in normal hyphae disturbed tip growth, and gave rise to several new sites of cell wall assembly, effectively causing hyperbranching. The results show that DivIVA SC is a novel bacterial morphogene, and it is localized at or very close to the apical sites of peptidoglycan assembly in Streptomyces hyphae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential role of DivIVA in polar growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Flärdh

2003

Molecular Microbiology

205

241

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“…Once the cell culture becomes nutrient-limited, the aerial mycelium develops from the surface of the vegetative mycelium. The role of this type of mycelium is mainly reproductive, indeed the aerial mycelium develops the spores and puts them in a favorable position to be dispersed [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bezzi

Ciliberto

Mengoni

1999

Journal of Biological Physics

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We present a simple model based on a reaction-diffusion equation to explain pattern formation in a multicellular bacterium (Streptomyces). We assume competition for resources as the basic mechanism that leads to pattern formation; in particular we are able to reproduce the spatial pattern formed by bacterial aerial mycelium in the case of growth in minimal (low resources) and maximal (large resources) culture media.

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Intermediate Filaments Supporting Cell Shape and Growth in Bacteria

Kelemen

2017

Subcellular Biochemistry

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For years intermediate filaments (IF), belonging to the third class of filamentous cytoskeletal proteins alongside microtubules and actin filaments, were thought to be exclusive to metazoan cells. Structurally these eukaryote IFs are very well defined, consisting of globular head and tail domains, which flank the central rod-domain. This central domain is dominated by an α-helical secondary structure predisposed to form the characteristic coiled-coil, parallel homo-dimer. These elementary dimers can further associate, both laterally and longitudinally, generating a variety of filament-networks built from filaments in the range of 10 nm in diameter. The general role of these filaments with their characteristic mechano-elastic properties both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of eukaryote cells is to provide mechanical strength and a scaffold supporting diverse shapes and cellular functions.Since 2003, after the first bacterial IF-like protein, crescentin was identified, it has been evident that bacteria also employ filamentous networks, other than those built from bacterial tubulin or actin homologues, in order to support their cell shape, growth and, in some cases, division. Intriguingly, compared to their eukaryote counterparts, the group of bacterial IF-like proteins shows much wider structural diversity. The sizes of both the head and tail domains are markedly reduced and there is great variation in the length of the central rod-domain. Furthermore, bacterial rod-domains often lack the sub-domain organisation of eukaryote IFs that is the defining feature of the IF-family. However, the fascinating display of filamentous assemblies, including rope, striated cables and hexagonal laces together with the conditions required for their formation both in vitro and in vivo strongly resemble that of eukaryote IFs suggesting that these bacterial proteins are deservedly classified as part of the IF-family and that the current definition should be relaxed slightly to allow their inclusion. The lack of extensive head and tail domains may well make the bacterial proteins more amenable for structural characterisation, which will be essential for establishing the mechanism for their association into filaments. What is more, the well-developed tools for bacterial manipulations provide an excellent opportunity of studying the bacterial systems with the prospect of making significant progress in our understanding of the general underlying principles of intermediate filament assemblies.

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Growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Essential role of DivIVA in polar growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Essential role of DivIVA in polar growth and morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

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Intermediate Filaments Supporting Cell Shape and Growth in Bacteria

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