Growth and metamorphosis of Rana perezi larvae in culture: Effects of larval density

Martínez, Irene P.; Álvarez, Rafael; Herráez, M.P.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(96)01257-4

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, the results indicate that females that oviposit egg masses in pools containing few egg masses would have higher reproductive success than those that oviposit in pools containing many egg masses. In other anuran larvae, it has been reported that the survival of tadpoles declines due to the high density of conspecifics (e.g., Dash and Hota 1980;Martinez et al 1996), However, in the present study, density of hatchlings had no direct effect on survival to metamorphosis. Furthermore, Pakkasmaa and Aikio (2003) showed that the performance of tadpoles is affected by the interaction between siblings and nonsiblings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

The choice of oviposition site and the effects of density and oviposition timing on survivorship in Rana japonica

Matsushima

Kawata

2004

Ecological Research

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In species that lack parental care and whose larvae are restricted to a given space throughout development, choice of egg-laying or reproductive sites often greatly influences fitness. Furthermore, reproductive success of individuals may be affected not only by conditions of the breeding area but also by the time when they start to breed, because intraspecific variation in the timing of breeding may result in asymmetric competition between larvae. We addressed these issues in an experimental and field study of the Japanese brown frog, Rana japonica. We tested whether the survival success of larvae decreased with an increase in the number of deposited egg masses and with a greater delay in oviposition. We found that the number of egg masses and timing of oviposition together significantly predicted larval survival per clutch. Moreover, we observed the natural oviposition of R. japonica to examine the prediction that if the density of larvae and the timing of oviposition affect survivorship of larvae, R. japonica will avoid depositing eggs in pools in which egg masses have already been deposited. We found that for small pools only, R. japonica tended to favor oviposition at unoccupied pools (those lacking egg masses and larvae) in the spawning season. For large pools, however, adults favored those already occupied by egg masses in the spawning period. The density of egg masses and tadpoles or the timing of oviposition may have less effect on spawning or the survival of tadpoles in large pools than in small pools.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

The choice of oviposition site and the effects of density and oviposition timing on survivorship in Rana japonica

Matsushima

Kawata

2004

Ecological Research

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“…Means with different superscripts differ significantly (Tukey's test, α = 0.05, a N b N c). earlier at a smaller body size than those in lower density (Browne et al, 2003;Hensley, 1993;Martinez et al, 1996;Pakkasmaa and Aikio, 2003;Stark et al, 2012); (2) food supply has a much more pronounced role than larval density in influencing the larval period; and (3) the extent to which development of tadpoles can be accelerated by reducing larval density is quite limited. In this study, the variance of metamorphosis time, which is a measure of developmental asynchrony, responded in a predictable way to the density and food treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The combined effects of food supply and larval density on survival, growth and metamorphosis of Chinese tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosa) tadpoles

et al. 2015

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“…Previous studies of time-tmtil-metamorphosis and weight-atmeiamorphosis following different feeding regimens suggests that when tadpoles are provided with less than an optimal amount of food, they metamorphose later and at a smaller size (137)(138)(139)(140). In laboratory sttidies, we observed that Xenoptis tadpo!e,s forced to metamorphose prematurely had more dramatic lymphocyte losses than controls metamorphosing on a tiormal schedule (33), This suggests that when animals undergo metamorphosis at a smaller than ideal size, the immuoe system may be seriously compromised, Thtis, habitat destruction leading to development and metamorphosis in less than optimal environments could allow for greater than normal losses of lymphocytes and a concomitant increase in susceptibility to disease during this critical transitional time.…”

Section: Do Any Tadpole Lymphocytes Persist Through Metamorphosis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis and the amphibian immune system

Rollins‐Smith

1998

Immunological Reviews

241

221

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Studies of the ontogeny of immunity in a limited number of representative amphibians have shown that while the immune systems of the larval forms are competent to defend against potential pathogens in the temporary ponds they inhabit, they are not equivalent to the mature immune systems that develop after metamorphosis. Metamorphosis is a critical time of transition when increased concentrations of metamorphic hormones, principally thyroid hormones (TH) and corticosteroid hormones (CH), orchestrate the loss or reorganization of many tissues and organ systems, including the immune system. Immune system reorganization may serve to eliminate unnecessary lymphocytes that could be destructive if they recognized newly emerging adult-specific antigens on the adult tissues. Increased corticosteroids during metamorphosis appear to induce apoptosis of susceptible lymphocytes. This cell death can be inhibited in vitro or in vivo by the corticosteroid receptor antagonist, RU486. A coordinate increase in both TH and CH at metamorphosis may be common to all amphibians that undergo metamorphosis. Current evidence suggests that the central hypothalamic mediator that induces pituitary production of both thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in larval amphibians is corticotropin-releasing hormone. Most amphibians probably survive the temporary immunosuppression associated with metamorphosis with no deleterious effects. However, it is hypothesized that if environmental stressors result in the induction of metamorphosis at a less than optimal body size and state of immune maturation, the immune system destruction would be more significant, and the amphibians could be at greater risk of infection and death.

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Growth and metamorphosis of Rana perezi larvae in culture: Effects of larval density

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

The choice of oviposition site and the effects of density and oviposition timing on survivorship in Rana japonica

The choice of oviposition site and the effects of density and oviposition timing on survivorship in Rana japonica

The combined effects of food supply and larval density on survival, growth and metamorphosis of Chinese tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosa) tadpoles

Metamorphosis and the amphibian immune system

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