“…The microbe-based technologies provide not only an alternative to conventional methods but are also are environmentally safe (Gadd, 1992). They can affect the metal ions directly or indirectly (pH changes, bioaccumulation, or biosorption) (Al-Shahwani et al, 1984;Beveridge et al, 1992;Vesper et al, 1996). Microorganisms may be used as pure as well as mixed cultures for the effective detoxification process (Smith et al, 1994), which also works over a wide pH range and temperature conditions; is cheaper, and also minimizes waste created by the detoxification process (Churchill et al, 1995).…”