Growth and grazing responses of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata as functions of light intensity and prey concentration

Kim, Sun-Ju; Kang, Yi Gu; Kim, Hyung Seop; Yih, Wonho; Coats, D. Wayne; Park, Myung Gil

doi:10.3354/ame01203

Cited by 107 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In contrast, the confirmed toxigenic Dinophysis species all possess plastids and hence they are capable of performing photosynthesis. Moreover, toxin production has been clearly linked to photosynthesis (Kim et al, 2008). Hence the capacity for de novo DST production in heterotrophic species remains highly questionable, and it is more likely that heterotrophic dinoflagellates only accumulate toxins rather than produce them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Dinophysis species and their association with lipophilic phycotoxins in plankton from the Argentine Sea

et al. 2016

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Dinophysis species and their association with lipophilic phycotoxins in plankton from the Argentine Sea

et al. 2016

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“…Thus far, Dinophysis spp. (Park et al 2006, Kim et al 2008, Esoptrodinium sp. (Fawcett and Parrow 2014), Paragymnodinium shiwhaense (Yoo et al 2010), and an unidentified Antarctic dinoflagellate (Gast et al 2007) fit this category.…”

Section: Growth Kinetics Of Polykrikos Lebourae Under Three Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) of P. lebourae was calculated according to Kim et al (2008): ingestion rates of P. lebourae were estimated from changes in prey cell numbers in treatments compared with prey densities in controls. Gross growth efficiency (GGE, %) was defined as predator carbon produced per prey carbon…”

Section: Growth and Grazing Of Polykrikos Lebourae With Different Prementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on growth rates were fitted to a modified MichaelisMenten model, which includes a positive y-axis intercept. The modified equation was applied following Kim et al (2008) and the parameters were estimated using the software SigmaPlot (version 10.0; MMIV Systat software Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) and the equation:…”

Section: Growth and Grazing Of Polykrikos Lebourae With Different Prementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we isolated P. lebourae from sandy sediment of an intertidal flat on Korean western coast, successfully established it in culture by supplying a benthic cryptophyte, Rhodomonas sp., as prey, and have maintained stock cul-http://e-algae.kr ingested (Kim et al 2008). GGE was calculated as follows:…”

Section: Growth and Grazing Of Polykrikos With Different Prey Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obligate mixotrophy of the pigmented dinoflagellate Polykrikos lebourae (Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellata)

Kim¹,

Yoon²,

Park

2015

ALGAE

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The marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate Polykrikos lebourae possesses obvious gold-brown pigmented plastids as well as taeniocyst-nematocyst complex structures. Despite of the presence of the visible plastids, previous attempts to establish this species in culture all failed and thus the unavailability of cultures of this species has posed a major obstacle to further detailed exploration of ecophysiology of the dinoflagellate. Here, we isolated P. lebourae from sandy sediment of an intertidal flat on Korean western coast, successfully established it in culture, and have been maintaining the stock culture over the past 3 years. Using this stock culture, we explored phagotrophy and potential prey resources of P. lebourae, growth and grazing responses of P. lebourae to different prey organisms, the effect of prey concentration on growth and grazing rates and gross growth efficiency (GGE) of P. lebourae when fed three different prey organisms, and the growth kinetics of P. lebourae under different light regimes. P. lebourae captured prey cells using a tow filament and then phagocytized them through the posterior end. The dinoflagellate was capable of ingesting a broad range of prey species varying in size, but not all prey species tested in this study supported its sustained growth. GGE of P. lebourae was extremely high at low prey concentration and moderate or low at high prey concentrations, indicating that P. lebourae grows heterotrophically at high prey concentrations but its growth seems to be more dependent on a certain growth factor or photosynthesis of plastids derived from the prey. In the presence of prey in excess, P. lebourae grew well at moderate light intensity of 40 µmol photons m -2 s -1, but did not grow at dim and high (10 or 120 µmol photons m -2 s -1 ) light intensities. Our results suggest that the benthic dinoflagellate P. lebourae is an obligate mixotroph, requiring both prey and light for sustained growth and survival.

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The contribution of inorganic and organic nutrients to the growth of a North American isolate of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuminata

Hattenrath-Lehmann

Gobler

2015

Limnology & Oceanography

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Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a globally significant human health syndrome most commonly caused by dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis. While ecosystem studies suggest that blooms of this mixotrophic dinoflagellate can be promoted by excessive nitrogen (N) loading, it is unclear whether these effects are direct (nutrient stimulation of Dinophysis) or indirect (nutrient stimulation of prey) since this alga is mixotrophic and culture studies investigating the effects of nutrients on Dinophysis have not been performed. We established an isolate of Dinophysis acuminata from New York waters and conducted controlled culture experiments to assess the effects of nutrients on the growth of this dinoflagellate with and without its prey, Mesodinium rubrum. Dinophysis was found to rapidly assimilate 15 N-labeled ammonium and urea, AND to a far lesser extent nitrate. Cultures grown with and without prey generally grew faster with ammonium, glutamine, or organic matter from sewage effluent added than respective controls, while nitrate grown cultures yielded significantly more rapid growth only when fed copious amounts of Mesodinium. Growth rates of Dinophysis also increased with the amount of Mesodinium available in cultures and achieved maximal growth rates (0.36 6 0.01 d 21 ) when grown with high levels of Mesodinium and the amino acid, glutamine. Collectively, this study demonstrates that inorganic and organic N can directly promote the growth of Dinophysis and supports the hypothesis that accelerated N loading in coastal ecosystems can promote DSP producing blooms of this species and, thus, may be partly responsible for their recent expansion across the North America.

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Growth and grazing responses of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata as functions of light intensity and prey concentration

Cited by 107 publications

References 48 publications

Distribution of Dinophysis species and their association with lipophilic phycotoxins in plankton from the Argentine Sea

Distribution of Dinophysis species and their association with lipophilic phycotoxins in plankton from the Argentine Sea

Obligate mixotrophy of the pigmented dinoflagellate Polykrikos lebourae (Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellata)

The contribution of inorganic and organic nutrients to the growth of a North American isolate of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuminata

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