Growth and genetic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to pH-shifts in an anaerobic continuous culture

Dunkley, K.D.; Callaway, Todd R.; Chalova, Vesela I.; Anderson, Robin C.; Kundinger, M. M.; Dunkley, Claudia; Nisbet, David J.; Ricke, Steven C.

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.10.001

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Calhoun and Kwon observed substantial enhanced acid tolerance in S. Enteritidis when exposed to 100 mM propionate at neutral pH over a longer period of time (16 h) (329). The enhancement may not be surprising since Salmonella cells cultured under anaerobic growth conditions can produce fermentation acids (330,331), suggesting that some of the resistance to SCFA may be related to protection from their own end products. It is also known that Salmonella can directly catabolize SCFA.…”

Section: Salmonella Acid Tolerance Response and Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, S. Enteritidis was closely linked with egg contamination, and research conducted during the 1990s with laying hens as the infection model suggested that management practices such as feed removal-induced molts might be partially responsible for the contamination (388,389). In the following decade, more detailed studies on S. Enteritidis infection in susceptible laying hens concluded that complete removal of feed created a GIT environment in laying hens that not only was easily colonized by S. Enteritidis but also led to systemic infection of internal organs, including the ovaries (250,331,390). Increased expression levels of the S. Enteritidis lacZY-hilA fusion gene in cells incubated in crop contents from birds that had undergone feed removal demonstrated that enhanced systemic invasiveness could be linked with increased expression levels of hilA (391).…”

Section: Salmonella Virulence Response and Competition With Git Micromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella Pathogenicity and Host Adaptation in Chicken-Associated Serovars

Foley

Johnson

Ricke

et al. 2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

244

207

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SUMMARY Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica cause significant morbidity and mortality. S. enterica serovars are a diverse group of pathogens that have evolved to survive in a wide range of environments and across multiple hosts. S. enterica serovars such as S . Typhi, S . Dublin, and S . Gallinarum have a restricted host range, in which they are typically associated with one or a few host species, while S . Enteritidis and S . Typhimurium have broad host ranges. This review examines how S. enterica has evolved through adaptation to different host environments, especially as related to the chicken host, and continues to be an important human pathogen. Several factors impact host range, and these include the acquisition of genes via horizontal gene transfer with plasmids, transposons, and phages, which can potentially expand host range, and the loss of genes or their function, which would reduce the range of hosts that the organism can infect. S . Gallinarum, with a limited host range, has a large number of pseudogenes in its genome compared to broader-host-range serovars. S. enterica serovars such as S . Kentucky and S . Heidelberg also often have plasmids that may help them colonize poultry more efficiently. The ability to colonize different hosts also involves interactions with the host's immune system and commensal organisms that are present. Thus, the factors that impact the ability of Salmonella to colonize a particular host species, such as chickens, are complex and multifactorial, involving the host, the pathogen, and extrinsic pressures. It is the interplay of these factors which leads to the differences in host ranges that we observe today.

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Section: Salmonella Acid Tolerance Response and Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Salmonella Virulence Response and Competition With Git Micromentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Pathogenicity and Host Adaptation in Chicken-Associated Serovars

Foley

Johnson

Ricke

et al. 2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

244

207

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“…In order to probe the scale of inflation, we numerically integrate the perturbation equations of the inflaton in a background described by a Taylor-expansion of H(φ), as discussed in [45,46], and constrain the free parameters using temperature and polarization data from the five year data release of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite (WMAP5) [56], as well as the power spectrum of luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-LRG) [57]. The parameter estimation is done using the MetropolisHastings algorithm, employing a modified version of the publicly available code CosmoMC [58] together with our own module for inflationary perturbations (which is available for download at http://wwwlapp.in2p3.…”

Section: Flat Prior On H Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prior assumptions on Bayesian estimates of inflation parameters and the expected gravitational waves signal from inflation

2008

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There has been much recent discussion, and some confusion, regarding the use of existing observational data to estimate the likelihood that next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments might detect a nonzero tensor signal, possibly associated with inflation. We examine this issue in detail here in two different ways: (1) first we explore the effect of choice of different parameter priors on the estimation of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r and other parameters describing inflation, and (2) we examine the Bayesian complexity in order to determine how effectively existing data can constrain inflationary parameters. We demonstrate that existing data are not strong enough to render full inflationary parameter estimates in a parametrization-and priorindependent way and that the predicted tensor signal is particularly sensitive to different priors. For parametrizations where the Bayesian complexity is comparable to the number of free parameters we find that a flat prior on the scale of inflation (which is to be distinguished from a flat prior on the tensor-to-scalar ratio) leads us to infer a larger, and in fact slightly nonzero tensor contribution at 68% confidence level. However, no detection is claimed. Our results demonstratethat all that is statistically relevant at the current time is the (slightly enhanced) upper bound on r, and we stress that the data remain consistent with r = 0.

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“…Beside BBN, one can infer the density of baryons from the Lyman-α opacity in quasar spectra due to intervening high redshift hydrogen clouds (Mei93; Rau96; Wei97); from the baryon fraction in clusters of galaxies, deduced from the hot x-ray emission (Evr97); most importantly, from the height of the Doppler peak in the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy (see (Dun08) for the latest WMAP results). These determinations are not only mutually consistent with each other, but the two most accurate ones (from the CMB and BBN) agree within 5÷10%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primordial nucleosynthesis: From precision cosmology to fundamental physics

et al. 2009

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We present an up-to-date review of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). We discuss the main improvements which have been achieved in the past two decades on the overall theoretical framework, summarize the impact of new experimental results on nuclear reaction rates, and critically re-examine the astrophysical determinations of light nuclei abundances. We report then on how BBN can be used as a powerful test of new physics, constraining a wide range of ideas and theoretical models of fundamental interactions beyond the standard model of strong and electroweak forces and Einstein's general relativity.

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Growth and genetic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to pH-shifts in an anaerobic continuous culture

Cited by 35 publications

References 56 publications

Salmonella Pathogenicity and Host Adaptation in Chicken-Associated Serovars

Salmonella Pathogenicity and Host Adaptation in Chicken-Associated Serovars

Impact of prior assumptions on Bayesian estimates of inflation parameters and the expected gravitational waves signal from inflation

Primordial nucleosynthesis: From precision cosmology to fundamental physics

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