Growth and fruiting of tomato as influenced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone

Abstract

SUMMARY'Tiny Tim' Tomato plants were exposed To five CO^ Treatments (375 (ambient), 450, 525, 600 or 675 //mo! mol'^) in combination with Oy (0 or 80 nmol moi"'). Biomass was evaluated following 3, 5, 7 and 13 wk exposure. Biomass following 13 wk exposure also included weekly harvesTs of maTure tomato fruit beginning week 8. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly enhanced total vegetative plant d. wt at each harvest, as wel! as cumu!ati\-e yield of mature fruit, whereas O., significanTly suppressed ToTa! \ efjetaTi^ e planT d. wt at each harvest and reduced total cumulative fruit yield. The magnitude of these changes varied wiTh the de^'eiopment of tomato from early growth To maTure fruiT yield. Carbon dioxide enrichment reduced the deTrimentai effects of Og on total vegetati\'e plant d. w-t of tomato following 3, 5, 7 and 13 wk exposure. Fina! maTure fruit yield was 24''o higher under enriched CO., treatments than in ambient CO^. Ozone suppressed final yield by l)\°o following exposure to 80 nmol mo!"' O^ when compared with exposure to charcoal-filtered (CF) air. The impacts of both CO, and O3 on yield were, however, dependent upon the presence or absence of the other gas. In the absence of O^, yields were very similar for the ambient and elevated CO^ TreaTments, but in the presence of Og, yields under ambient COŵ ere greatly suppressed whereas yields under elevated CO^ were similar to those in the absence of O^. Thus, enriched CO,^ ameliorated most of the suppressive efiPect of O3 on yield of mature fruit.

Nitrogen deposition: a component of global change analyses

“…They are the most important precursors of tropospheric ozone (O $ ) and photochemical smog (Schlesinger 1991 ;Chameides et al, 1994). There has been a number of investigations of the effects of interactions between O $ and elevated CO # on trees, grasses, and agricultural plants (e.g., Volin & Reich, 1996 ;Mulholland et al, 1997 ;Reinert, Eason & Barton, 1997). Since elevated CO # usually reduces stomatal conductance (Ceulemans & Mousseau, 1994), which reduces plant uptake of ozone and subsequent damage (Reich & Amundson, 1985), it is generally found that elevated CO # provides some degree of protection from the phytotoxic effects of ozone.…”

Co2 and irrigation in relation to yield and water use of the bell pepper crop

“…Caporn (1989) reported that a three-fold CO 2 enrichment raised both leaf emergence rate and growth rate of individual leaves, resulting in an increase of 37 and 51% in the yield of 30 and 36 day-old lettuce plants, respectively. Reinart et al (1997) reported increments in tomato yield of approximately 24% with atmospheric CO 2 enrichment.…”

Lâmina de irrigação e aplicação de CO2 na produção de pimentão cv. Mayata, em ambiente protegido

“…Trabalhando com tomate cultivado em estufa e com enriquecimento de CO 2 (concentração variando de 700 a 900 mmolCO 2 /mol), Islam et al (1996) verificaram aumento significativo na produção, obtendo frutos maiores do que no tratamento controle (250-400 mmolCO 2 /mol). Incrementos da ordem de 24% na produtividade da cultura de tomate, cultivado em câmaras de ambiente controlado, com enriquecimento de CO 2 (até 675 mmolCO 2 /mol ), foram obtidos por Reinert et al (1997).…”

“…Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 20, n. 4, dezembro dutividade. O uso de dióxido de carbono aplicado via água de irrigação apresenta-se como uma técnica promissora.O principal constituinte da matéria seca da planta é o carbono, sendo de aproximadamente 45% (Salisbury & Ross, 1969). A concentração normal de CO 2 na atmosfera é de cerca de 365 mmol CO 2 /mol, concentração essa muito baixa para a máxima fotossíntese.…”

“…O principal constituinte da matéria seca da planta é o carbono, sendo de aproximadamente 45% (Salisbury & Ross, 1969). A concentração normal de CO 2 na atmosfera é de cerca de 365 mmol CO 2 /mol, concentração essa muito baixa para a máxima fotossíntese.…”