GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE COLONIES OF <i>ZOOTHAMNIUM ALTERNANS</i> (CLAP. AND LACHM.)

Fauré‐Fremiet, E.

doi:10.2307/1537117

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Peritrichs are a morphologically diverse subclass in which members have evolved a variety of both solitary and colonial developmental patterns as part of the expression of this diversity (Fauré‐Fremiet,1930). In addition, some genera have lost either the telotroch (e.g., Astylozoon ) or the trophont (e.g., Opisthonecta ) stage of the life cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new interpretation of stomatogenesis in a peritrich ciliate: Using Campanella umbellaria as a model system

Wang

Shi

Clamp

et al. 2011

Journal of Morphology

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The process of stomatogenesis in peritrich ciliates is still incompletely understood. Previous studies on the stomatogenesis of four species of peritrichs, Telotrochidium sp., Carchesium polypinum, Opercularia coarctata, and Astylozoon pyriforme conflict with one another in some cases and omit details of events in others. We described the entire process of stomatogenesis in the peritrich ciliate Campanella umbellaria (C. umbellaria) using an improved method of staining with protargol. Our results disagree with some previous studies with regard to the formation of some rudimentary structures, reorganization of the parental haplokinety, formation of new germinal rows, and separation of daughter oral complexes. The pattern of stomatogenesis characteristic of peritrichs is compared to the stomatogenetic patterns of three other oligohymenophorean subclasses and a hypothesis about the evolution of stomatogenesis in the class Oligohymenophorea is offered. Details of stomatogenesis need to be described and verified in a greater variety of peritrichs to clarify possible differences between taxa and make it possible to relate stomatogenesis to evolution within the subclass Peritrichia. Ultrastructural studies are the next step in description of morphogenetic processes in peritrichs, and characteristics of C. umbellaria make it a useful model for this work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new interpretation of stomatogenesis in a peritrich ciliate: Using Campanella umbellaria as a model system

Wang

Shi

Clamp

et al. 2011

Journal of Morphology

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“…Zoothamnium alternans is a close nonsymbiotic relative of Z. niveum (Clamp and Williams, 2006;Faure-Fremiet, 1930) that is regularly found in the same habitat but distinguished from the latter by its smaller size (Vopel et al, 2001). Summers (1938) reported a division rate of 8 h in developing Z. alternans colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell proliferation and growth inZoothamnium niveum (Oligohymenophora, Peritrichida) — Thiotrophic bacteria symbiosis

2009

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Chemolithoautotrophic, sulphide-oxidizing (thiotrophic) symbioses represent spectacular adaptations to fluctuating environmental gradients and survival is often accomplished when growth is fuelled by sufficient nourishment through the symbionts leading to fast cell proliferation. Here we show 5'-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse labelling of vegetative growing Zoothamnium niveum, a colonial ciliate obligately associated with thiotrophic ectosymbionts, and demonstrate age related growth profiles in three heteromorphic host cell types. At the colony's apex, a large top terminal zooid performed high proliferation activity, which decreased significantly with increasing colony age but was still present in old colonies indicating that this cell possesses lifelongcell division potential. In contrast, terminal branch zooids proliferated independent of colony age but appeared to be limited by their cell division capacity predetermined by branch size, thus leading to the strict, feather-shaped colony form. Appearance of labelled terminal branch zooids allowed us to distinguish a highly proliferating apical colony region from an almost inactive, senescent basal region. In macrozooids attached to the colony, extensive BrdU labelling suggests that DNA synthesis occurs in preparation for a new generation. As motile swarmers, the macrozooids seem to be arrested in the cell cycle and mitosis and cell division occur when the swarmer settles and transforms into a top terminal zooid buildingup a new colony.

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“…) contract individually. Zoothamnion is of interest in that it shows considerable variation in the structure of its units, the colony showing division of labour (Faure-Fremiet (1930); Summers (1938)).…”

Section: -Ioe Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of evolution

Kerkut¹

1960

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conversation to ask the student if he knows the evidence for Evolution. This usually evokes a faintly superior smile at the simplicity of the question, since it is an old war-horse set in countless examinations. " Well, sir, there is the evidence from palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, systematics and geographical distributions," the student will say in a nurseryrhyme jargon, sometimes even ticking off the w r ords on his fingers. He would then sit and look fairly complacent and wait for a more 2-IOE ' CHAPTER 2 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS Before one can decide that the theory of Evolution is the best explanation of the present-day range of forms of living material one should examine all the implications that such a theory may hold. Too often the theory is applied to, say, the development of the horse and then because it is held to be applicable there it is extended to the rest of the animal kingdom with little or no further evidence. There are, however, seven basic assumptions that are often not mentioned during discussions of Evolution. Many evolutionists ignore the first six assumptions and only consider the seventh. These are as follows. (1) The first assumption is that non-living things gave rise to living material, i.e. spontaneous generation occurred. (2) The second assumption is that spontaneous generation occurred only once. The other assumptions all follow from the second one. (3) The third assumption is that viruses, bacteria, plants and animals are all interrelated. (4) The fourth assumption is that the Protozoa gave rise to the Metazoa. (5) The fifth assumption is that the various invertebrate phyla are interrelated. (6) The sixth assumption is that the invertebrates gave rise to the vertebrates. (7) The seventh assumption is that within the vertebrates the fish gave rise to the amphibia, the amphibia to the reptiles, and the reptiles to the birds and mammals. Sometimes this is expressed in other words, i.e. that the modern amphibia and reptiles had a common ancestral stock, and so on.

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GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE COLONIES OF ZOOTHAMNIUM ALTERNANS (CLAP. AND LACHM.)

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

A new interpretation of stomatogenesis in a peritrich ciliate: Using Campanella umbellaria as a model system

A new interpretation of stomatogenesis in a peritrich ciliate: Using Campanella umbellaria as a model system

Cell proliferation and growth inZoothamnium niveum (Oligohymenophora, Peritrichida) — Thiotrophic bacteria symbiosis

Implications of evolution

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