Growth and characterizations of lead-free ferroelectric KNN-based crystals

Abstract

Crystal growth / Croissance cristalline Growth and characterizations of lead-free ferroelectric KNN-based crystals Cristallogenèse et caractérisations de monocristaux ferroélectriques sans plomb à base de KNN

Development of the Travelling Wave Bioreactor. Part II: Engineering Characteristics and Cultivation Results

“…According to the data by Zheng et al 29, the slight compositional variation can be ignored. And the concentration of Li was determined to be 0.01–0.03 26, 30. The density ρ of the as‐grown crystals was measured using the Archimedes method to be 5.20 g/m 3 .…”

Growth and properties of Li, Ta modified (K,Na)NbO3 lead‐free piezoelectric single crystals

“…According to the data by Zheng et al [29], the slight compositional variation can be ignored. And the concentration of Li was determined to be 0.01–0.03 [26, 30]. The density ρ of the as-grown crystals was measured using the Archimedes method to be 5.20 g/m 3 .…”

Growth and characterization of lead-free ferroelectric (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3 single crystal

“…The content of Li cannot be measured by EDS due to its small atomic weight. It is estimated that the concentration of Li may be in the range of 0.02-0.03 based on a previous study [24]. It should be pointed out that the ratio of K:Na is almost 1:1, which composition is believed to possess the best piezoelectric and dielectric properties.…”