Growth and characterization of potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution

Stand, Luis; Zhuravleva, Mariya; Lindsey, Adam C.; Melcher, Charles L.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.052

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The approximately 1 ls scintillation lifetime is similar to that observed in KSr 2 I 5 :Eu [3]. While still considerably slower than Ce 3+ activated LaBr 3 , among Eu doped scintillators the 1 ls decay constant may be considered quite fast.…”

Section: Optical and Scintillation Performance Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Nevertheless, comparable yet cheaper alternatives are desired and the search for new scintillators suitable for spectroscopic applications has seen a recent surge of discovery and investigation into new ternary compositions comprised of Group I, Group II elements and the halides. The most promising among them are KSr 2 I 5 :Eu [3] and CsBa 2 I 5 :Eu [4], two very high performance scintillators reported to obtain <2.6% FWHM at 662 keV. Mixed halides comprised of BaBrI:Eu [4] and Ce(Cl-Br) 3 [5] have also shown promising performance with energy resolution of %3.5% and <5% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most promising among them are KSr 2 I 5 :Eu [3] and CsBa 2 I 5 :Eu [4], two very high performance scintillators reported to obtain <2.6% FWHM at 662 keV. Mixed halides comprised of BaBrI:Eu [4] and Ce(Cl-Br) 3 [5] have also shown promising performance with energy resolution of %3.5% and <5% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator

et al. 2015

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Section: Optical and Scintillation Performance Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator

et al. 2015

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“…42 For the quenching through thermally induced ionization, the energy difference between 5d 1 state and the conduction band minimum (CBM) governs the quenching temperature. 44 However, the causes are still not understood yet. 3), the CBM consists of Ce 5d and 4f states, as a consequence, the thermal quenching of Ce1 and Ce2 centers should be ascribed to the nonradiative relaxation from 5d to 4f ground state.…”

Section: Temperature Dependent Optical and Rl Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure, electronic structure, temperature-dependent optical and scintillation properties of CsCe₂Br₇

Shi

Chakoumakos

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Chem. C

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CsCe 2 Br 7 is a self-activated inorganic scintillator that shows promising performance, but the understanding of the important structure-property relationships is lacking. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive study on CsCe 2 Br 7 . The crystal structure of CsCe 2 Br 7 is refined using single crystal X-ray study for the first time. It crystallizes into the orthorhombic crystal system with Pmnb space group. Its electronic structure is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two cerium emission centers are identified and the energy barriers related to the thermal quenching to 4f ground states of Ce 3+ for these two Ce centers are evaluated. CsCe 2 Br 7 single crystal has better light yield and energy resolution than CsCe 2 Cl 7 , but with an additional slow decay component of 1.7 ms. The existence of a deep trap with a depth of 0.9 eV in CsCe 2 Cl 7 contributes to its higher afterglow level in comparison to that of CsCe 2 Br 7 . The most possible point defects in CsCe 2 Cl 7 and CsCe 2 Br 7 are proposed by considering the vapour pressure in the growth atmosphere upon melting point.ionic activators (in particular Bi 3+ , Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ ), is a constituent of the crystal, for example CaWO 4 and Self-activated single crystals of CsCe 2 X 7 (X = Cl, Br) were developed in 2010. 9-11 The CsCe 2 Cl 7 with a density of 3.6 g cm À3 can reach a gamma-ray excited light yield of 26 000 photons per MeV, but a 50% higher light yield is achieved in CsCe 2 Br 7 with a higher density of 4.0 g cm À3 . The phase diagrams of CsCe 2 Cl 7 12 and CsCe 2 Br 7 13,14 indicate that they both melt congruently. Recently, the crystal structure refinement revealed that CsCe 2 Cl 7 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P112 1 /b. 15 However, despite the fact that the CsCe 2 Br 7 single crystal showed more promising scintillation properties, several fundamental questions, including structureproperty relationship, are still not understood: (i) the crystal structure and electronic structure; (ii) temperature dependent luminescent behaviors; (iii) the scintillation property comparisons between CsCe 2 Cl 7 and CsCe 2 Br 7 , including non-proportionality and afterglow; (iv) the trapping effect of point defects and their possible origins. All these questions lead us to carry out an in-depth study of CsCe 2 Br 7 . The paper is organized as follows. Firstly, the crystal

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“…However, as mentioned in the review of Nikl 19 , other radioactive isotopes are also present in several used scintillator crystals such as 176 Lu, 87 Rb, and 138 La contributing in a background signal. Besides, other promising scintillator materials identified in the literature also contain K as ion, such as: K 2 LaI 5 :Ce 3+ , being attractive by its fast decay time of 24 ns, together with a relative high density 20 ; and KSr 2 I 5 :Eu 2+ with a very high yield 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single crystal growth, optical absorption and luminescence properties under VUV-UV synchrotron excitation of type III Ce3+:KGd(PO3)4, a promising scintillator material

Adell¹,

Solé²,

Pujol³

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Scintillator materials have gained great interest for many applications, among which the medical applications stand out. Nowadays, the research is focused on finding new scintillator materials with properties that suit the needs of each application. In particular, for medical diagnosis a fast and intense response under high-energy radiation excitation is of great importance. Here, type III Ce3+-doped KGd(PO3)4 single crystals with high crystalline quality are grown and optically characterized as a new promising scintillator material. The 4f → 5d electronic transitions of Ce3+ are identified by optical absorption. The optical absorption cross section of Ce3+ for the electronic transition from the 2F5/2 to the 5d1 level is 370 × 10−20 cm2. The luminescence of KGd0.996Ce0.004(PO3)4 crystal by exciting the 5d levels of Ce3+ with VUV-UV synchrotron radiation shows down-shifting properties with strong emissions at 322 and 342 nm from the 5d1 to 2F5/2 and 2F7/2 levels of Ce3+ with a short decay time of ~16 ns, which is very suitable for scintillator applications. Moreover, these intense emissions are also observed when Gd3+ is excited since an energy transfer from Gd3+ to Ce3+ exists.

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Growth and characterization of potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator

Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator

Crystal structure, electronic structure, temperature-dependent optical and scintillation properties of CsCe₂Br₇

Single crystal growth, optical absorption and luminescence properties under VUV-UV synchrotron excitation of type III Ce3+:KGd(PO3)4, a promising scintillator material

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Growth and characterization of potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator

Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator

Crystal structure, electronic structure, temperature-dependent optical and scintillation properties of CsCe2Br7

Single crystal growth, optical absorption and luminescence properties under VUV-UV synchrotron excitation of type III Ce3+:KGd(PO3)4, a promising scintillator material

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Crystal structure, electronic structure, temperature-dependent optical and scintillation properties of CsCe₂Br₇