Growth and characterization of chromium carbide films deposited by high rate reactive magnetron sputtering for electrical contact applications

Nygren, Kristian; Samuelsson, Mattias; Flink, Axel; Ljungcrantz, H.; Rudolphi, Åsa Kassman; Jansson, Ulf

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.06.069

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Cr2p 3/2,1/2 peaks observed at 574.4 and 583.7 eV in the curve‐fitted spectrum correspond to Cr carbide species, and peaks at 576.7 and 586.1 eV, as observed, stand for oxidized Cr 3+ species. All these values of the Cr carbide and Cr 3+ species are close to the values reported in the literature . Comparing the intensity of Cr carbide and Cr 3+ related peaks in the curve‐fitted spectrum, it has to be noted that around 83% of total Cr is in Cr carbide form and that the rest of Cr is present as Cr 3+ species in Cr‐DLC layer in the multilayered coating.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In Figure , curve‐fitted C1s and Cr2p core level spectra of Cr‐doped DLC layer in the multilayered coating are shown. Observed peaks at 282.9, 284.5, and 285.2 eV in the layer are attributed to carbidic carbon, sp 2 C (CC), and sp 3 C (C–C), respectively . Cr2p 3/2,1/2 peaks observed at 574.4 and 583.7 eV in the curve‐fitted spectrum correspond to Cr carbide species, and peaks at 576.7 and 586.1 eV, as observed, stand for oxidized Cr 3+ species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Corrosion and wear resistance properties of multilayered diamond‐like carbon nanocomposite coating

Subramanian

Mohan

Bera

et al. 2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Multilayered diamond-like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite coating has been deposited on silicon and stainless steel substrates by combination of cathodic arc evaporation and magnetron sputtering. In order to make DLC coating adhered to metal substrate, a chromium interlayer has been deposited with constant bias voltage of −150 V applied to the substrate. Dense multilayered coating consists of metallic or nonmetallic and tetrahedral carbon (ta-C) layers with total thickness of 1.44 μm. The coating has been studied for composition, morphology, surface nature, nanohardness, corrosion resistance, and tribological properties. The composition of the coating has been estimated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the surface morphology and topography. I D /I G ratio of ta-C:N layer obtained from Raman spectroscopy is 1.2, indicating the disorder in the layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of individual ta-C:N, CrN, and Cr-doped DLC layers confirm the presence of sp 2 C, sp 3 C, CrN, Cr 2 N, and carbidic carbon, and sp 2 C, sp 3 C, and Cr carbide. Nanohardness studies show the maximum penetration depth of 70 to 85 nm. Average nanohardness of the multilayered DLC coating is found to be 35 ± 2.8 GPa, and Young's modulus is 270 GPa. The coating demonstrates superior corrosion resistance with better passivation behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution, and corrosion potential is observed to move towards nobler (more positive) values. A low coefficient of friction (0.11) at different loads is observed from reciprocating wear studies. Wear volume is lower at all loads on the multilayered DLC nanocomposite coating compared to the substrate.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Corrosion and wear resistance properties of multilayered diamond‐like carbon nanocomposite coating

Subramanian

Mohan

Bera

et al. 2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…The lowest contact resistance was observed for the NbC 0.8 /a-C 24 :H coating (corresponding to C/Nb = 1.0 in Table 1) followed by the NbC 0.9 /a-C 44 :H coating (C/Nb = 1.6 in Table 1). A minimum in contact resistance at about 24% a-C:H constitutes a trend that is in experimental agreement with other studies on both nanocrystalline [28] as well as amorphous [3] nanocomposites. It is evident that the contact resistance is affected by the oxide thickness.…”

Section: Electrical Contact Resistancesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…LorentzianGaussian sum functions were used to fit intensity on a Shirley background (software XPSPEAK v4.1). The C1s region was fitted by peaks for C-Nb (282.7-282.9 eV) and C-C (sp 2 284.4 eV, sp 3 285.3 eV) [3,21] bonds (always after sputter removal of adventitious hydrocarbons). The O1s region was fitted by peaks for O-Nb (530.2 eV), O-C (*531.7), and O=C (*533.2 eV), where the two latter fits could be used to verify the removal of adventitious hydrocarbons [22,23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive films on nanocomposite carbide coatings for electrical contact applications

et al. 2017

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Nanocomposite transition metal carbide/amorphous carbon coatings (Me-C/a-C) deposited by magnetron sputtering have excellent electrical contact properties. The contact resistance can be as low as that of noble metal coatings, although it is known to vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the deposition conditions. We have investigated a nanocrystalline niobium carbide/ amorphous carbon (NbC x /a-C:H) model system aiming to clarify factors affecting the contact resistance for this group of contact materials. For the first time, the surface chemistry is systematically studied, by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in extension how it can explain the contact resistance. The coatings presented a mean oxide thickness of about 1 nm, which could be grown to 8 nm by annealing. Remarkably, the contact resistances covered four orders of magnitude and were found to be exponentially dependent on the mean oxide thickness. Moreover, there is an optimum in the amount of a-C:H phase where the contact resistance drops very significantly and it is thus important to not only consider the mean oxide thickness. To explain the results, a model relying on surface chemistry and contact mechanics is presented. The lowest contact resistance of a nanocomposite matched that of a gold coating at 1 N load (vs. gold), and such performance has previously not been demonstrated for similar nanocomposite materials, highlighting their useful properties for electrical contact applications.

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Corrosion and Wear Behaviors of Cr-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings

Subramanian

Mohan

Bera

et al. 2017

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Growth and characterization of chromium carbide films deposited by high rate reactive magnetron sputtering for electrical contact applications

Cited by 49 publications

References 52 publications

Corrosion and wear resistance properties of multilayered diamond‐like carbon nanocomposite coating

Corrosion and wear resistance properties of multilayered diamond‐like carbon nanocomposite coating

Passive films on nanocomposite carbide coatings for electrical contact applications

Corrosion and Wear Behaviors of Cr-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings

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