Growth and Characterization of 3D Flower‐Like β‐NiS on Carbon Cloth: A Dexterous and Flexible Multifunctional Electrode for Supercapattery and Water‐Splitting Applications

Abstract

Evolution of 3D nanostructures is luring a great deal of importance owing to their eccentric structures that create plenty of rooms to grasp massive volume of charges. Here, a distinct multifunctional binder‐free flexible electrode is developed by arrays of flower‐like β‐NiS nanostructures over flexible carbon cloth (β‐NiS@CC) by the in situ hydrothermal method. It unveils an ultimate areal capacity of 1.654 C cm−2 (827 C g−1) at 1 mA cm−2, which seems to be the highest among the reported NiS so far. The fabricated flexible supercapattery gadget delivers a remarkable energy density of 38 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 800 µW cm−2. Due to immense mechanical strength and resilience of 3D flower‐like morphology, it is further exposed as an economical bifunctional electrocatalyst. Both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exhibit a significant burst of the enormous quantity of gas bubbles at the low overpotentials of 320 and 278 mV, respectively, to achieve a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Further, the developed laboratory scale water electrolyzer offers a low cell voltage of 1.65 V to accomplish a water‐splitting current density of 10 mA cm−2. Henceforth, the multifunctional 3D flower‐like β‐NiS electrode is demonstrated by defining its potential use in real‐world appliances.

Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulated with NiCoP: A Multifunctional Electrode for Supercapattery and Oxygen Reduction, Oxygen Evolution, and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

“…[42,43] Therefore, from the GCD curve, a high capacity of 167 C g −1 (47 mA g −1 or 333 F g −1 ) at a current density of 2 A g −1 (2 mA cm −2 ) was accomplished by the NiCoP/CNF900 electrode. [36,37] Hence, the above results intend that the NiCoP nanoparticles encapsulated CNF900 have expressed immense endeavor to the ensemble as a reputable positive electrode with more flexibility in a commercial supercapattery device. The obtained high-specific capacity of NiCoP/CNF900 electrode is considerably greater than the reported carbon-based metal electrodes.…”

“…[36,37] Figure 5 shows the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) investigations of the NiCoP/CNF electrodes. [36,37] Figure 5 shows the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) investigations of the NiCoP/CNF electrodes.…”

“…The electrochemical reactions corresponding to the above events are as follows [16,36,37] x x ( ) ( ) ( )…”

“…Compared to NiCoP/CNF700 (17%) and NiCoP/CNF800 (12%), NiCoP/ CNF900 provided a superior rate capability by trailing just 10% of its initial specific capacitance at a high current density of 10 A g −1 (Figure 6e). [36,37] Therefore, the NiCoP/CNF900 can be Adv. Figure S5b (Supporting Information) shows the Nyquist plot of NiCoP/CNF900 negative electrode with its corresponding equivalent circuit of the Z-fit plot in the inset.…”

“…[16,36,37] The collective CV curves of both negative and positive electrode are shown in Figure 7a to hone the working potential of the device. [16,36,37] The collective CV curves of both negative and positive electrode are shown in Figure 7a to hone the working potential of the device.…”