Growth and adrenarche: findings from the CATS observational study

Goddings, Anne-Lise; Viner, Russell; Mundy, Lisa; Romaniuk, Helena; Molesworth, Charlotte; Allen, Nicholas; Patton, George C

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-319341

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This finding is significant as it suggests that adrenal hormonal levels at age 7–9 years can be used to predict relative levels in later childhood (up to 12–13 years). Importantly, our analyses focussed on biochemical rather than phenotypic adrenarcheal changes, which do not necessarily correlate [ 20 , 21 ], and further work would be needed to understand the variation in phenotypic adrenarche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling timing and tempo of adrenarche in a prospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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To better understand how health risk processes are linked to adrenarche, measures of adrenarcheal timing and tempo are needed. Our objective was to describe and classify adrenal trajectories, in terms of timing and tempo, in a population of children transitioning to adolescence with repeated measurements of salivary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulphate, and testosterone. We analysed data from the Childhood to Adolescence Transition Study (CATS), a longitudinal study of 1239 participants, recruited at 8–9 years old and followed up annually. Saliva samples were assayed for adrenal hormones. Linear mixed-effect models with subject-specific random intercepts and slopes were used to model longitudinal hormone trajectories by sex and derive measures of adrenarcheal timing and tempo. The median values for all hormones were higher at each consecutive study wave for both sexes, and higher for females than males. For all hormones, between-individual variation in hormone levels at age 9 (timing) was moderately large and similar for females and males. Between-individual variation in hormone progression over time (tempo) was of moderate magnitude compared with the population average age-slope, which itself was small compared with overall hormone level at each age. This suggests that between-individual variation in tempo was less important for modelling hormone trajectories. Between-individual variation in timing was more important for determining relative adrenal hormonal level in childhood than tempo. This finding suggests that adrenal hormonal levels at age 8–9 years can be used to predict relative levels in early adolescence (up to 13 years).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling timing and tempo of adrenarche in a prospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…Remer and Manz found that the change in BMI that occurs during early childhood-the adiposity rebound-correlates with increased DHEA/S (Remer & Manz, 1999). Among Chilean (Corval an et al, 2013) and Australian (Goddings et al, 2021) children of normal birthweights, those who were obese at ages 7 and 8-9, respectively, had twice the risk of high DHEA/S. Body fat, which seems to mirror BMI (Hruschka, 2021), has also been demonstrated as a potential influence on DHEA/S production (Shi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Hypothesized Triggers Of Adrenarcheal Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that, like menarche or spermarche (Gluckman & Hanson, 2006), environmental factors may influence the patterning of DHEA/S production. For example, nutritional status, particularly body mass index (BMI) and/or adiposity, has been frequently posited as such a factor (Corvalán et al, 2013; Goddings et al, 2021; l'Allemand et al, 2002; Na et al, 2018; Remer & Manz, 1999; Santos‐Silva et al, 2022; Shi et al, 2009; cf. Gonzales et al, 1994), as it may be an important indicator of eco‐cultural stressors during development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although production of DHEAS is dependent on development of the zona reticularis , it is unclear what determines timing of adrenarcheal onset. Several triggers have been proposed including: psychosocial stress (Ellis & Essex, 2007); dietary intake (specifically, protein intake; Campbell, 2020; Keestra et al, 2021; Shi et al, 2009); and nutritional status (Remer & Manz, 1999), including prenatal programming/birthweight (Nordman et al, 2017; Ong et al, 2004), postnatal growth in early childhood (Liimatta et al, 2020; Nordman et al, 2017; Ong et al, 2004; Santos‐Silva et al, 2022), and adiposity (e.g., weight and body fat or BMI; Corvalán et al, 2013; Goddings et al, 2021; Shi et al, 2009). Importantly, these all reflect measures of environmental risk or security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DHEAS and nutritional status among Sidama, Ngandu, and Aka children: Effects of cortisol and implications for adrenarche

Helfrecht

Wang

Dira

et al. 2023

American J Hum Biol

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Objective Adrenarche, the biological event marked by rising production of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate (DHEAS), may represent a sensitive period in child development, with important implications for adolescence and beyond. Nutritional status, particularly BMI and/or adiposity, has long been hypothesized as a factor in DHEAS production but findings are inconsistent, and few studies have examined this among non‐industrialized societies. In addition, cortisol has not been included in these models. We here evaluate effects of height‐ (HAZ), weight‐ (WAZ), and BMI‐ (BMIZ) for‐age on DHEAS concentrations among Sidama agropastoralist, Ngandu horticulturalist, and Aka hunter‐gatherer children. Methods Heights and weights were collected from 206 children aged 2–18 years old. HAZ, WAZ, and BMIZ were calculated using CDC standards. DHEAS and cortisol assays were used to determine biomarker concentrations in hair. Generalized linear modeling was used to examine effects of nutritional status on DHEAS concentrations, as well as cortisol, controlling for age, sex, and population. Results Despite the prevalence of low HAZ and WAZ scores, the majority (77%) of children had BMI z‐scores >−2.0 SD. Nutritional status has no significant effect on DHEAS concentrations, controlling for age, sex, and population. Cortisol, however, is a significant predictor of DHEAS concentrations. Conclusions Our findings do not support a relationship between nutritional status and DHEAS. Instead, results suggest an important role for stress and ecology in DHEAS concentrations across childhood. Specifically, effects of environment via cortisol may be influential to patterning of DHEAS. Future work should investigate local ecological stressors and their relationship to adrenarche.

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