Growth and Academic Achievement in Inner-City Kindergarten Children

Karp, Robert J.; Martin, Roy P.; Sewell, Trevor; Manni, John L.; Heller, Arthur

doi:10.1177/000992289203100604

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To do this, first, nurses visit the families regularly in order to screen for abused children and potential risk and to assess their Law, & Martyn, 2004;Ivanovic et al, 2004). Both height and weight have been similarly linked to cognitive development (Karp, Martin, Sewell, Manni, & Heller, 1992) (Park, 2002). Therefore, a systematic and unified service system connecting and facilitating the various organizations in the community must be implemented (Hong & Kim, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Visitation Screening for Child Abuse Assessment in Korea

Kim

et al. 2012

J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs

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The purpose of this study was to facilitate home visits to assess the current rate of child abuse in order to provide an agenda for the early detection and prevention of child abuse and neglect in Korea. Methods: For this retrospective descriptive research, 20 public health centers were selected, 1,991 families were visited and 2,680 children were assessed. Results: We found 415 cases (15.5%) of potential abuse and 7 cases (0.3%) of actual abuse. The greatest risk group was to children age 4 to 6 years. According to the HOME Inventory, there were 17 infants (5.8%) presenting a potential risk for child abuse and neglect. Conclusion: Visitation screening is highly recommended for prevention in the high-risk preschool age group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Visitation Screening for Child Abuse Assessment in Korea

Kim

et al. 2012

J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs

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“…It should be noted, however, that in the Newcastle study, all the adverse`family factors' found were closely linked to socio-economic class (Neligan & Prudham 1976), and nine out of 10 short children in the present study with clear psychosocial deprivation came from families where the father was in a manual occupation. Environmental factors may affect not only health and physical growth but also school performance (Lacey & Parkin 1974;Karp et al 1992). Nine short children are currently in schools for moderate learning difficulties, compared with only two controls, and of the nine, six have definite and three have possible severe social problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short stature at school entry — an index of social deprivation? (The Wessex Growth Study)

Voss

Mulligan

1998

Child

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This study was carried out to examine the biological and environmental variables associated with non-organic short stature. We observed an unselected population of very short normal children (SN) and their age- and sex-matched controls (C) within the community. All 14,346 children in two health districts entering school during 2 consecutive years were screened for short stature, and those whose height lay below the 3rd centile, according to Tanner and Whitehouse standards (n = 180) were identified. Excluding 32 with pathology, five from ethnic minorities and three who refused to take part, the remaining SN children (mean height SDS-2.26) were matched with 140 age- and sex-matched controls (C) of average height (mean height SDs 0.14). Birth weight, target height and predicted adult height (based on parental height and bone age respectively), medical and social background (obtained from parental interviews), and school performance (assessed by class teachers) were the main outcome measures. Mean birth weight of the SN children was significantly lower than C (SN = 2845 g, C = 3337 g, P < 0.001). Mean mid-parental target height was also very different (SN = 162.0 cm, C = 170.9 cm, P < 0.001). Thirty-five per cent of SN children (C = 6%) had height SD scores below parental target range, though only 10% had predicted heights below target range (mean delay in bone age 0.68 years). There was a significant difference between SN children and C in the number of children in the household (SN = 2.8, C = 2.4 (P = 0.007) and in socio-economic status (P < 0.002). Many more SN children were in social classes IV and V (SN = 31%, C = 13%, P < 0.002), and had an unemployed father (SN = 22%, C = 10%, P < 0.010), highlighting the importance of environmental influences on growth. One in four SN children was judged to have serious psychosocial problems. However, the lower the socio-economic class, the less likely the SN children were to be inappropriately short for parents. Significantly more SN children were reported to have asthma (SN = 18%, C = 7%, P < 0.007) and eczema (SN = 19%, C = 5%, P < 0.001), though only the latter was significantly associated with stature below target height for both SN and C groups. Biological variables are often insufficient to explain short stature. No child, whatever the parental height, should be dismissed as normal without careful evaluation, as poor growth in the early years may be an important pointer to an adverse but potentially remediable environment.

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“…7 Chronic, mild malnutrition as measured by anthropometrics has been associated with impaired cognitive development [8][9][10] andvisualmotorintegration. 8 Anemia, a marker for malnutrition affecting approximately20%ofchildrenyoungerthan 2 years and approximately 17% of children aged 3 to 4 years in low-income families, 11 is associated with increased susceptibility to the toxic effects of lead, [11][12][13] developmental delays, [14][15][16][17] and behavioral deficits. 16,18 Paradoxically, obesity may also occur due to hunger; children who are hungry may respond by eating more or choosing higher-calorie foods when food is available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hunger in Midwestern Inner-city Young Children

Cutts¹,

Pheley²,

Geppert³

1998

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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To determine the characteristics of hunger in young children who attend ambulatory pediatric clinics in a midwestern city. Design: Consecutive sample. Setting: Ambulatory pediatric clinics of an inner-city teaching hospital. Participants: English-speaking caregivers of 2578 children younger than 5 years. Main Outcome Measure: Structured survey measures of hunger, family characteristics, assistance program use, child feeding practices, and anthropometrics. Results: In this population, 171 (6.6%) were hungry, and 842 (32.7%) were at risk for hunger. Hunger status was associated with increased age (PϽ.001), decreased maternal education level (P = .013), maternal nonwhite race (PϽ.002), a history of homelessness (PϽ.001), and parental unemployment (PϽ.001). Hunger status was associated with use of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (PϽ.001) and food stamps (PϽ.001) but not with participation in The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Results of anthropometrics indicated that mean growth percentiles were no different between hunger categories. Conclusions: Housing, dietary, and family characteristics are identifiable risk factors for early childhood hunger. Hunger cannot be identified, however, using anthropometrics. It is disconcerting that fewer hungry children and children at risk for hunger participate in WIC compared with other programs. These data suggest the potential for more aggressive identification and intervention at the primary care and social service levels to benefit hungry children.

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Growth and Academic Achievement in Inner-City Kindergarten Children

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Home Visitation Screening for Child Abuse Assessment in Korea

Home Visitation Screening for Child Abuse Assessment in Korea

Short stature at school entry — an index of social deprivation? (The Wessex Growth Study)

Hunger in Midwestern Inner-city Young Children

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