Growing scattered broadleaved tree species in Europe in a changing climate: a review of risks and opportunities

Hemery, G. E.; Clark, Jo; Aldinger, E.; Claessens, Hugues; Malvolti, Maria Emilia; O’Connor, Eileen; Raftoyannis, Yannis; Savill, P.; Brus, Robert

doi:10.1093/forestry/cpp034

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Scientifically-sound implementation of such adaptation measures requires a wide range of research and monitoring activities such as testing of the suitability of new tree species and provenances, a regional risk analysis based on retrospective performance as well as the analysis of climate envelope and climate matching under potential future climates (Hulme 2005;Bolte et al 2009;Hemery et al 2010). …”

Section: Shifts In Communities and Species Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts—Terrestrial Ecosystems

Hölzel

Hickler

Kutzbach

et al. 2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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The chapter starts with a discussion of general patterns and processes in terrestrial ecosystems, including the impacts of climate change in relation to productivity, phenology, trophic matches and mismatches, range shifts and biodiversity. Climate impacts on specific ecosystem types-forests, grasslands, heathlands, and mires and peatlands-are then discussed in detail. The chapter concludes by discussing links between changes in inland ecosystems and the wider North Sea system. Future climate change is likely to increase net primary productivity in the North Sea region due to warmer conditions and longer growing seasons, at least if summer precipitation does not decrease as strongly as projected in some of the more extreme climate scenarios. The effects of total carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems are highly uncertain, due to the inherent complexity of the processes involved. For moderate climate change, land use effects are often more important drivers of total ecosystem carbon accumulation than climate change. Across a wide range of organism groups, range expansions to higher latitudes and altitudes and changes in phenology have occurred in response to recent climate change. For the range expansions, some studies suggest substantial differences between organism groups. Habitat specialists with restricted ranges have generally responded very little or even shown range contractions. Many of already threatened species could be particularly vulnerable to climate change. Overall, effects of recent climate change on terrestrial ecosystems within the North Sea region are still limited.

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Section: Shifts In Communities and Species Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts—Terrestrial Ecosystems

Hölzel

Hickler

Kutzbach

et al. 2016

North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment

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“…This species is considered more shade tolerant than A. pseudoplatanus. Some authors indicate that A. platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus are similarly drought tolerant (Forest Ecology & Forest Management Group, 2005), while others consider A. platanoides more drought tolerant than A. pseudoplatanus (Hemery et al, 2009). Its robust growth and high shade tolerance make this species an important invasive species, especially in North America (Martin, 1999).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With ongoing climate change, both species are expected to move their distribution range northwards and to higher elevations (Hemery et al, 2009). Moreover, it is likely that the susceptibility to pathogens will increase with stress by intense warm and dry conditions (Hemery et al, 2009).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is likely that the susceptibility to pathogens will increase with stress by intense warm and dry conditions (Hemery et al, 2009). Taking into account that the species might be differently susceptible to drought, divergent responses to the projected dryer summer conditions may be expected, including top shoot dieback and premature mortality (Hemery et al, 2009). Moreover, it is known that both Acer species do not show identical growth and water economy.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of warming and changes in precipitation frequency on the regeneration of two Acer species

Carón

Frenne

Chabrerie

et al. 2015

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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a b s t r a c tClimate projections indicate that temperatures will increase by up to 4.5 • C in Europe by the end of this century, and that more extreme rainfall events and longer intervening dry periods will take place. Climate change will likely affect all phases of the life cycle of plants, but plant reproduction has been suggested to be especially sensitive. Here, using a combination of approaches (soil heaters and different provenances along a latitudinal gradient), we analyzed the regeneration from seeds of Acer platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus, two tree species considered, from a management point of view, of secondary relevance. We studied germination, seedling survival and growth in a full-factorial experiment including warming and changes in watering frequency. Both species responded to warming, watering frequency and seed provenance, with stronger (negative) effects of warming and provenance than of watering frequency. In general, the central provenances performed better than the northernmost and southernmost provenances. We also detected interactive effects between warming, watering frequency and/or seed provenance. Based on these results, both species are expected to show dissimilar responses to the changes in the studied climatic factors, but also the impacts of climate change on the different phases of plant regeneration may differ in direction and magnitude. In general increases in the precipitation, frequency will stimulate germination while warming will reduce survival and growth. Moreover, the frequent divergent responses of seedlings along the latitudinal gradient suggest that climate change will likely have heterogeneous impacts across Europe, with stronger impacts in the northern and southern parts of the species' distribution ranges.

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“…Although susceptible for the alien hypervirulent pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi s.l., agent of the Dutch elm disease (Solla et al 2005), U. laevis is less attractive to the elm bark beetles acting as vector for the fungal pathogen (Sacchetti et al 1990;Webber 2000). Also in other parts of western Europe relict populations suffer from varying human pressures making them more prone to climate change impacts (Hemery et al 2010) and urging conservation programs (Goodall-Copestake et al 2005;FuentesUtrilla et al 2014). Relict populations do not only suffer from declined population sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of leaf morphological traits from isolated and declined relict populations of Ulmus laevis reveals putative random ecotype evolution

2015

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Ulmus laevis Pallas is a rare and endangered tree species in the northern part of Belgium, restricted to a minimal amount of natural populations that mainly consist of a strongly reduced number of individuals. Probably isolated for several generations, random phenotypic variation in the strongly declined populations can be hypothesised. We analysed U. laevis trees grown in a field trial with a single-tree-plot design (completely randomised). The plants were vegetatively propagated through cuttings from nearly all known natural relict populations in Flanders. We analysed three short-shoot leaves from different ramets from different genotypes from eleven natural populations. Leaf size and shape variables were computed using landmark and procruste methods. We visualised the variability in leaf morphology in a principal component analysis (PCA) including shape, size, and categorical morphological variables. The variance structure of the morphological variables was studied applying mixed modelling methods. The overall PCA distinguished two deviating natural populations. The Zandhoven population showed a deviating simple leaf margin toothing, correlated with larger numbers of split secondary veins. The Halle population is characterised by absence of pubescence at the lower side of the leaves. Both relict populations with deviating morphological leaf characteristics may point to an ecotype evolution putatively due to isolation combined with greatly diminished population sizes. The variance structure analysis of individual leaf variables showed that the deviating categorical leaf characters are under stronger genetic control (specialist characters) compared to the more plastic variables.

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Growing scattered broadleaved tree species in Europe in a changing climate: a review of risks and opportunities

Cited by 73 publications

References 72 publications

Environmental Impacts—Terrestrial Ecosystems

Environmental Impacts—Terrestrial Ecosystems

Impacts of warming and changes in precipitation frequency on the regeneration of two Acer species

Dissection of leaf morphological traits from isolated and declined relict populations of Ulmus laevis reveals putative random ecotype evolution

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