Growing pains: Twin family study evidence for genetic susceptibility and a genetic relationship with restless legs syndrome

Champion, G. David; Pathirana, S.; Flynn, Cynthia; Taylor, Ann E.; Hopper, John L.; Berkovic, Samuel F.; Jaaniste, Tiina; Qiu, Wen

doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00130.x

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…46 The criteria are modified from Evans 38 as well as Evans and Scutter 32,47 and Champion and colleagues. 48 The features described in the diagnostic criteria for growing pains are similar to those of RLS with 2 exceptions. 46 One exception is that growing pains are strictly bilateral, whereas RLS can be unilateral or bilateral.…”

Section: Possible Rlsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…3,7,25,52 A recent twin family study also suggested the genetic overlap between the 2 disorders. 48 The conflicting findings from various studies are partly due to different criteria for growing pains used by various investigators. Standardized and unified diagnostic criteria for growing pains are needed to accurately define the relationship between growing pains and RLS.…”

Section: Possible Rlsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Growing Pains in Children and Adolescents

Simakajornboon

Dye

Walters

2015

Sleep Medicine Clinics

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Section: Possible Rlsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Possible Rlsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Growing Pains in Children and Adolescents

Simakajornboon

Dye

Walters

2015

Sleep Medicine Clinics

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“…The zygosity of the twin pairs was assessed after applying the 12-question formula concerning the general similarity between twins, as it was introduced by Jackson et al [29,30]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other theories include the local overuse syndrome theory which remains untested [8], the non-inflammatory pain syndrome theory [9], which is supported by reports for increased activity levels of children in more than 40% of the publications [2], and the hypothesis of early childhood’s pain amplification syndrome [10]. Furthermore, a twin family survey [11] provided evidence that GPs appear to bear genetic susceptibility and present genetic association with restless leg syndrome. However, as there is no reliable and valid assessment tool testing hypermobility in children, the last hypothesis remains unproven [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conducive to the Onset of Growing Pains in Early Childhood

2016

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The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder of childhood with unclear aetiology is growing pains (GPs). Anatomic deformities and factors that change bone turnover are implicated in GP pathophysiology. Perinatal risk factors alter the bone metabolism affecting the bone mineral density and content. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between GPs, knock knees and perinatal factors. The examined population consisted of 276 children aged 3–7 years. Among them, ten pairs of dizygotic twins were evaluated. The data were collected by using a combination of semi-structured questionnaires, clinical examinations and medical charts of the children and the obstetric history of the mothers. A total of 78 children presenting GPs met Peterson’s criteria. Genu valgum severity was a significant factor for GP manifestation and for their increased frequency and intensity. Subsequently, perinatal factors regarding gestational age, Apgar score, head circumference (lower than 33 cm) and birth length or weight (smaller than 50 cm and 3000 g, respectively) made a remarkable contribution to the development of GPs. Conversely, antenatal corticosteroid treatment, increased maternal age and maternal smoking during pregnancy were not predictive of the disorder. Our data are potentially supportive for the “bone strength” theory and for the contribution of anatomical disturbances in GP appearance.

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“…A family history of RLS has been reported in 60% of idiopathic RLS patients (Champion et al, 2012;Montplaisir et al, 1997;Winkelmann et al, 2000), and several candidate polymorphisms for sleep disorders have been proposed. Published linkage analyses in families have identified seven genetic loci associated with RLS: RLS1 on chromosome 12q12-q21, RLS2 on 14q13-21, RLS3 on 9p24-p22, RLS4 on 2q33, RLS5 on 20p13, RLS6 on 19p13, and RLS7 on 16p12.1 (Bonati et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2004;Desautels et al, 2001;Kemlink et al, 2008;Levchenko et al, 2006Levchenko et al, , 2009Pichler et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between restless legs syndrome andCLOCKandNPAS2gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia

Jung

Cho

et al. 2014

Chronobiology International

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Previous studies have suggested that there is a genetic basis to restless legs syndrome (RLS) development. Occurrence of antipsychotic-induced RLS could also be due to differences in genetic susceptibility. We investigated whether CLOCK and NPAS2 gene polymorphisms are associated with RLS in schizophrenic patients on antipsychotics because RLS symptoms usually manifest during the evening and night. We assessed symptoms of RLS in 190 Korean schizophrenic patients on antipsychotics and divided the subjects into two groups according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group diagnostic criteria: (i) subjects who met all the criteria and (ii) the remaining subjects who did not meet all the criteria. We found a significant difference in the number of subjects with different genotype and allele carrier frequencies for the CLOCK gene (rs2412646) between the two groups (p = 0.031 and 0.010, respectively). Distribution of CLOCK haplotypes (rs2412646-rs1801260) was significantly different between schizophrenic patients with and without RLS (p = 0.021). However, the distributions of allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic variants of NPAS2 (rs2305160 and rs6725296) were not significantly different between the two groups. Our results suggest that CLOCK polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility of schizophrenic patients to RLS. We hypothesize that RLS in schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics may be a very mild akathisia that manifests during the night and is under control of circadian oscillation.

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Growing pains: Twin family study evidence for genetic susceptibility and a genetic relationship with restless legs syndrome

Abstract: This first twin family study of GP provides evidence for a genetic aetiology and for a genetic relationship to RLS.

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Growing Pains in Children and Adolescents

Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Growing Pains in Children and Adolescents

Perinatal Risk Factors and Genu Valgum Conducive to the Onset of Growing Pains in Early Childhood

Association between restless legs syndrome andCLOCKandNPAS2gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia

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