Growing carbon nanotubes

Ando, Yoshinori; Zhao, Xinluo; Sugai, Toshiki; Kumar, Mukul

doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(04)00446-8

Cited by 202 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…There are various CNT synthesis methods which include: arc discharge [2,3], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [4], laser ablation [5,6], etc. In general, CVD is a chemical process used to produce high-purity, highperformance solid materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional catalyst of graphite-encapsulated iron compound nanoparticle for magnetic carbon nanotubes growth by chemical vapor deposition

Saraswati¹,

Prasiwi²,

Masykur³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The carbon nanotube has widely taken great attractive in carbon nanomaterial research and application. One of its preparation methods is catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) using catalyst i.e. iron, nickel, etc. Generally, except the catalyst, carbon source gasses as the precursor are still required. Here, we report the use of the bifunctional material of Fe3O4/C which has an incorporated core/shell structures of carbon-encapsulated iron compound nanoparticles. The bifunctional catalyst was prepared by submerged arc discharge that simply performed using carbon and carbon/iron oxide electrodes in ethanol 50%. The prepared material was then used as a catalyst in thermal chemical vapor deposition at 800 o C flown with ethanol vapor as the primer carbon source in a low-pressure condition. This catalyst might play a dual role as a catalyst and secondary carbon source for growing carbon nanotubes at the time. The synthesized products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The successful formation of carbon nanotubes was assigned by the shifted X-ray diffracted peak of carbon C(002), the iron oxides of Fe3O4 and -Fe2O3, and the other peaks which were highly considered to the other carbon allotropes with sp 2 hybridization structures. The other assignment was studied by electron microscopy which successfully observed the presence of single-wall carbon nanotubes. In addition, the as-prepared carbon nanotubes have a magnetic property which was induced by the remaining of metal catalyst inside the CNT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifunctional catalyst of graphite-encapsulated iron compound nanoparticle for magnetic carbon nanotubes growth by chemical vapor deposition

Saraswati¹,

Prasiwi²,

Masykur³

et al. 2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…8) The amazing properties of CNTs 9) and thus their promising applications 10)12) strongly depend on their structural characteristics, such as the number of layers, inner and outer tube diameter and presence of defects in them. CNTs are produced by arc-discharge, 13) laser ablation, 14) and plasma enhanced 15) and thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD), 14)16) sometimes also called Catalytic Chemical Vapour Decomposition (CCVD). CVD has proven to be the most effective technique, due to its low cost, easy operation, versatility, industrial scalability and effectiveness in producing CNTs with both high quality and large quantity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ CCVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes within zeolite crystal coated porous ceramic foam

Mazumder

Zhao

Park

et al. 2015

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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In this study, consolidated zeolite crystal coated porous ceramic foams containing a large quantity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within micro-metre sized pores were prepared. An alumina-silica porous ceramic body, having an average pore size of less than 100¯m, was produced by the direct foaming technique. Well-shaped zeolite crystals having an average size of 180 nm were synthesized and homogeneously coated on the porous ceramic body by an in situ process. An Fe-supported zeolite/ceramic matrix, which is used for CNT synthesis, was prepared using ion-exchange by immersing the zeolite-coated porous ceramic body into FeCl 2 aqueous solution. The CNTs were synthesized by a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) process for four different reaction times. Both acicular-shaped and randomly bundled networks of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using these different reaction times. Moreover, the yield of CNTs produced showed a tendency to increase with increasing reaction time.

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“…When that leaving species is removed too fast, then the carbon will not have enough time to rearrange itself into the most thermodynamically stable configuration before it gets locked into a local minimum free energy structure. The controlled elimination of hydrogen leads to the preferential formation of fullerenes, while the controlled elimination of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst will form carbon nanotubes, because the catalyst will keep the cage from closing so that carbon nanotubes can be formed [25]. So the role of hydrogen is closely related to the deactivation of catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative study of catalytic activity and catalytic deactivation of Fe–Co/Al2O3 catalysts for multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by the CCVD process

Pirard¹,

Heyen²,

Pirard³

2010

Applied Catalysis A: General

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a b s t r a c tThe catalytic deactivation during multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) synthesis by the CCVD process and the influence of hydrogen on it were quantified. Initial specific reaction rate, relative specific productivity and catalytic deactivation were studied. Carbon source was ethylene, and a bimetallic iron-cobalt catalyst supported on alumina was used. The catalytic deactivation was modeled by a decreasing hyperbolic law, reflecting the progressive accumulation of amorphous carbon on active sites. While the initial specific reaction rate was found not to be influenced by hydrogen, catalytic deactivation was found to be modified in the presence of hydrogen, which delayed and slowed down the deactivation by avoiding amorphous carbon deposition, thus leading to a greater relative specific productivity of carbon nanotubes.

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Growing carbon nanotubes

Cited by 202 publications

References 98 publications

Bifunctional catalyst of graphite-encapsulated iron compound nanoparticle for magnetic carbon nanotubes growth by chemical vapor deposition

Bifunctional catalyst of graphite-encapsulated iron compound nanoparticle for magnetic carbon nanotubes growth by chemical vapor deposition

In situ CCVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes within zeolite crystal coated porous ceramic foam

Quantitative study of catalytic activity and catalytic deactivation of Fe–Co/Al2O3 catalysts for multi-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by the CCVD process

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