Groups and Oppression

Taylor, Elanor

doi:10.1111/hypa.12252

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Algorithmic oppression extends the unjust subordination of one social group and the privileging of another-maintained by a "complex network of social restrictions" ranging from social norms, laws, institutional rules, implicit biases, and stereotypes (Taylor, 2016)-through automated, data-driven and predictive systems. The notion of algorithmic or automated forms of oppression has been studied by scholars such as Noble (2018) and Eubanks (2018).…”

Section: Algorithmic Oppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolonial AI: Decolonial Theory as Sociotechnical Foresight in Artificial Intelligence

2020

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This paper explores the important role of critical science, and in particular of post-colonial and decolonial theories, in understanding and shaping the ongoing advances in artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is viewed as amongst the technological advances that will reshape modern societies and their relations. Whilst the design and deployment of systems that continually adapt holds the promise of far-reaching positive change, they simultaneously pose significant risks, especially to already vulnerable peoples. Values and power are central to this discussion. Decolonial theories use historical hindsight to explain patterns of power that shape our intellectual, political, economic, and social world. By embedding a decolonial critical approach within its technical practice, AI communities can develop foresight and tactics that can better align research and technology development with established ethical principles, centring vulnerable peoples who continue to bear the brunt of negative impacts of innovation and scientific progress. We highlight problematic applications that are instances of coloniality, and using a decolonial lens, submit three tactics that can form a decolonial field of artificial intelligence: creating a critical technical practice of AI, seeking reverse tutelage and reverse pedagogies, and the renewal of affective and political communities. The years ahead will usher in a wave of new scientific breakthroughs and technologies driven by AI research, making it incumbent upon AI communities to strengthen the social contract through ethical foresight and the multiplicity of intellectual perspectives available to us; ultimately supporting future technologies that enable greater well-being, with the goal of beneficence and justice for all. Keywords decolonisation • coloniality • sociotechnical foresight • intercultural ethics • critical technical practice • artificial intelligence • affective community

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Section: Algorithmic Oppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolonial AI: Decolonial Theory as Sociotechnical Foresight in Artificial Intelligence

2020

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“…some people are exposed to discrimination in many domains (individual, institutional, cultural) of life simultaneously. These domains intertwine to create a system of oppression [12] and marginalization [10, 11, 13, 14]. Thus, participating in more than one marginalized axis of identity can amplify discrimination, for example, being an ethnic or racial minority and a woman of color; being of older age and living in a low socioeconomic-status area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple forms of discrimination and postpartum depression among indigenous Palestinian-Arab, Jewish immigrants and non-immigrant Jewish mothers

et al. 2019

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BackgroundWhile discrimination takes multiple forms, racial or ethnic discrimination is a root cause of this health-damaging social phenomenon. We drew on intersectionality theory, which offers an account of discrimination’s multiple effects, to consider associations between women’s experiences of discrimination and postpartum depression (PPD) using four measures: single forms of discrimination (SFD); multiple forms of discrimination (MFD); ethnic discrimination combined with MFD (E-MFD); and a composite MFD that interacted with women’s identity (C-MFD).MethodsWe interviewed a stratified sample of 1128 mothers face to face in 2014–2015 during mothers’ visits to maternal and child health clinics. The mothers belonged to three groups in Israel: Palestinian-Arab minority, Jewish immigrant, and non-immigrant Jewish. We conducted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions for PPD, measured on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, in associations with SFD (experiencing discrimination based on any of the following: age, sex, class, ethno-national identity, religiosity level and skin color); MFD (experiencing 0,1, 2 or ≥ 3 of SFD); E-MFD (ethnic discrimination combined with other MFD); and finally, C-MFD (interaction between MFD and women’s identity).ResultsPalestinian-Arab mothers had higher PPD and reported higher SFD (based on ethnicity, religiosity level, and socioeconomic status), as well as higher MFD and E-MFD. This was followed by Jewish immigrant mothers, and lastly by non-immigrant Jewish mothers. However, both MFD and E-MFD had a strong association with PPD among non-immigrant Jewish mothers reporting 2MFD and ≥ 3MFD, and Palestinian-Arab mothers reporting ≥3MFD, but no significant association among immigrant Jewish mothers. When we used C-MFD, we found a dose-response association in which Palestinian-Arab mothers experiencing more MFD (2MFD and ≥ 3MFD) were more likely to experience PPD. This was followed by immigrant Jewish mothers (reporting 2MFD and ≥ 3MFD), and lastly by non-immigrant Jewish mothers.ConclusionsMFD should be considered in relation to women’s identity (being part of a minority, immigrant, or non-immigrant majority group) in maternal mental health research and practice. Otherwise, we risk underestimating the effects of MFD on PPD, especially in minority and immigrant mothers, who are more likely to face interlocking forms of discrimination.

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“…Algorithmic oppression is sustained by the unfair subordination of one social group and the privilege of the other -by a "complex web of social constraints" made up of social norms, laws, institutional rules, implicit biases, and stereotypes (Taylor, 2016). Predictive systems that leverage AI have led to new types of inspection, control, policing and surveillance, and the development of government services.…”

Section: Algorithmic Oppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Social Problems and Solutions: An Analysis on The Context of Digital Divide and Exploitation

Efe

2022

Yeni Medya Dergisi

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Continued advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology innovations include ever-wider aspects of modern society’s economic, cultural, religious, and political life via new media tools and communication techniques. Considering AI as part of technological tools, networks, and institutional systems, innovative technology can be essential in solving social problems. With such a mindset, this study done on literature knowledge and sectoral research reports aims to capture AI’s expanding role and impact on social relations by expanding its ethical understandings and conceptual scope. The study tries to answer, if recent innovations in AI herald unprecedented social transformations and new challenges. This article critically assesses the problem, challenging the unending innovative technological determinism of many debates and reframing related issues with a sociological and religious approach. The study focuses on the importance of theoretical discussing the relationship between specificity and ecological validity of algorithmic models and how AI modeling is an essential contribution to the methodological approaches of scientists interested in social phenomena.

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Groups and Oppression

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Decolonial AI: Decolonial Theory as Sociotechnical Foresight in Artificial Intelligence

Decolonial AI: Decolonial Theory as Sociotechnical Foresight in Artificial Intelligence

Multiple forms of discrimination and postpartum depression among indigenous Palestinian-Arab, Jewish immigrants and non-immigrant Jewish mothers

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Social Problems and Solutions: An Analysis on The Context of Digital Divide and Exploitation

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