Group velocity tomography of the upper crust in the eastern Tennessee seismic zone from ambient noise data

Brandmayr, Enrico; Kuponiyi, A.; Arroucau, Pierre; Vlahovic, G.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.035

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…This two-wavelength criterion has been applied previously in ambient noise studies (e.g. Shapiro et al 2005;Kang & Shin 2006;Brandmayr et al 2016). Nevertheless, Luo et al (2015) proved that reliable and consistent measurements can be obtained with short interstation distances, up to one wavelength.…”

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, in recent years, the number of small or local-scale studies has grown significantly due to its great applicability in fields like hydrocarbon exploration (Bussat & Kugler 2009), geological engineering (Picozzi et al 2009), fluid injection monitoring (Stork et al 2018), volcanology (e.g. Ryberg et al 2016;Wang et al 2017) or fault mapping (Li & Lin 2014;Zigone et al 2015;Brandmayr et al 2016). To date, in the Iberian Peninsula, few regional ambient noise tomography studies have been done inland (Villaseñor et al 2007;Silveira et al 2013;Palomeras et al 2017) or in the continental margins (Corela et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient noise tomography of the southern sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain

Acevedo

Fernández‐Viejo

Llana‐Fúnez

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY This study presents the first detailed analysis of ambient noise tomography in an area of the continental upper crust in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain), where a confluence of crustal scale faults occurs at depth. Ambient noise data from two different seismic networks have been analysed. In one side, a 10-short-period station network was set recording continuously for 19 months. A second set of data from 13 broad-band stations was used to extend at depth the models. The phase cross-correlation processing technique was used to compute in total more than 34 000 cross-correlations from 123 station pairs. The empirical Green's functions were obtained by applying the time–frequency, phase-weighted stacking methodology and provided the emergence of Rayleigh waves. After measuring group velocities, Rayleigh-wave group velocity tomographic maps were computed at different periods and then they were inverted in order to calculate S-wave velocities as a function of depth, reaching the first 12 km of the crust. The results show that shallow velocity patterns are dominated by geological features that can be observed at the surface, particularly bedding and/or lithology and fracturing associated with faults. In contrast, velocity patterns below 4 km depth seem to be segmented by large structures, which show a velocity reduction along fault zones. The best example is the visualization in the tomography of the frontal thrust of the Cantabrian Mountains at depth, which places higher velocity Palaeozoic rocks over Cenozoic sediments of the foreland Duero basin. One of the major findings in the tomographic images is the reduction of seismic velocities above the area in the crust where one seismicity cluster is nucleated within the otherwise quiet seismic area of the range. The noise tomography reveals itself as a valuable technique to identify shear zones associated with crustal scale fractures and hence, lower strain areas favourable to seismicity.

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Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient noise tomography of the southern sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain

Acevedo

Fernández‐Viejo

Llana‐Fúnez

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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“…The eastern margin of North America has been shaped by multiple tectonic events throughout geological time, including those responsible for forming the Grenville orogen (~1.3–0.98 Ga) and the Appalachian mountain belt during the Paleozoic (480–270 Ma) [ van Staal et al , ; van Staal and Barr , ]. The Grenville Province stretches from Texas, through Tennessee in the U.S. to Labrador, Canada [ Tollo et al , ; Brandmayr et al , ]. As a result of Grenville orogenesis and subsequent erosion, deep‐lying crystalline basement rocks of the Grenville Province [ Williams , ; Wiener et al , ; Rivers , ] (Figure a), primarily comprising of orthogneisses and paragneisses, diabase, gabbro, mangerite, and anorthosites, were exhumed along the eastern edge of the North American craton prior to the Paleozoic.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of probable instrument malfunction and/or deployment/maintenance schedules, most of the stations used in this study recorded about 3 years of continuous noise data. These data, archived in the CNSN database in the Standard for Exchange of Seismic Data (SEED) format, were retrieved and processed following the standard ambient noise scheme proposed by Bensen et al [], with some modifications as implemented by Arroucau et al [] and Brandmayr et al []. Only the vertical component of the waveforms from simultaneously recording stations were considered and processed for this study.…”

Section: Data and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper crustal investigation of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence region, eastern Canada using ambient noise tomography

et al. 2017

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We studied the 3‐D shear wave velocity (Vs) structure in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) and adjacent onshore areas to 20 km depth by inverting Rayleigh wave dispersion extracted from the vertical components of continuous ambient seismic noise waveforms. The region is divided into three broad zones based on their Vs characteristics. In the northwest, the Grenville Province (i.e., the exposed edge of predominantly Middle‐Proterozoic Laurentian crust) is dominated by high Vs, except for well‐known anorthosite sites, which are characterized by relatively lower Vs. In contrast, the central segment of the GSL region corresponds to a belt with generally low Vs at upper crustal levels. In the southeastern part of the GSL, prominent low Vs in the uppermost crust are found to coincide with locations of subsidiary basins of the Canadian Maritime Basin, while higher Vs characterize the accreted Appalachian terranes where they are exposed on land. The Grenville Province is wedged out at depth by the Red Indian Line, which is the suture between composite Laurentia and peri‐Godwanan Ganderia in the Canadian Appalachians. The geometry and Vs characteristics of the south‐easternmost peri‐Gondwanan terranes of Avalonia and Meguma suggest that they may be fully or partially structurally overlying a basement with distinct seismic characteristics, which could be a vestige of the West African craton that was underthrust beneath composite Laurentia during the terminal Alleghenian continent‐continent collision. In the middle of the GSL, the 3‐D geometry of the Canadian Maritimes sedimentary basins overlying the Appalachian terranes shows that the depth to the top of basement is in excess of 8 km.

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“…This cut-off has been proven to be a suitable compromise solution in other studies (e.g. Sammarco et al, 2017;Brandmayr et al, 2016, Shapiro et al, 2005. To ensure the quality of the results, our analysis was limited to velocity measurements within two standard deviations from the mean and with more than 60 measurements at each period.…”

Section: Ambient Noise Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial anisotropy and S-wave velocity depict the internal to external zones transition within the Variscan orogen (NW Iberia)

Acevedo

Fernández‐Viejo

Llana‐Fúnez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The cross-correlation of ambient noise records registered by seismic networks has proven to be a valuable tool to obtain new insights into the crustal structure at different scales. Based on 2- to 14-s-period Rayleigh and Love dispersion data extracted from the seismic ambient noise recorded by 20 three-component broadband stations belonging to two different temporary experiments, we present the first i) upper crustal (1–14 km) high-resolution shear wave velocity and ii) radial anisotropy variation models of the continental crust in NW Iberia. The area of study represents one of the best exposed cross-sections along the Variscan orogen of western Europe, showing the transition between the external eastern zones towards the internal areas in the west. Both the 2-D maps and an E-W transect reveal a close correspondence with the main geological domains of the Variscan orogen. The foreland-fold and thrust-belt of the orogen, the Cantabrian Zone, is revealed by a zone of relatively low shear wave velocities (2.3–3.0 km/s), while the internal zones generally display higher homogeneous velocities (> 3.1 km/s). The boundary between both zones is clearly delineated in the models, depicting the arcuate shape of the orogen grain. The velocity patterns also reveal variations of the bulk properties of the rocks that can be linked to major Variscan structures, such as the basal detachment of the Cantabrian Zone or the stack of nappes involving pre-Variscan basement; or sedimentary features such as the presence of thick syn-orogenic siliciclastic wedges. Overall, the radial anisotropy magnitude varies between −5 and 15 % and increases with depth. The depth pattern suggests that the alignment of cracks is the main source of anisotropy at < 8 km depths, although the intrinsic anisotropy seems to be significant in the West-Asturian Leonese Zone, the low-grade slate belt adjacent to the Cantabrian Zone. At depths > 8 km, widespread high and positive radial anisotropies are observed, caused by the presence of subhorizontal alignments of grains and minerals in relation to the internal deformation of rocks either during the Variscan orogeny or prior to it.

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Group velocity tomography of the upper crust in the eastern Tennessee seismic zone from ambient noise data

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Ambient noise tomography of the southern sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain

Ambient noise tomography of the southern sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain

Upper crustal investigation of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence region, eastern Canada using ambient noise tomography

Radial anisotropy and S-wave velocity depict the internal to external zones transition within the Variscan orogen (NW Iberia)

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