Group Transfer Polymerization of Methacryl-Type Poly(2-oxazoline) Macromonomers

Poly(2-oxazoline) molecular brushes by grafting through of poly(2-oxazoline)methacrylates with aqueous ATRP

“…5,6 Molecular brushes based on poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) got in focus of recent research because of the advantageous properties of POx as a biomaterial. 7,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] After early approaches 31,32 yielding a variety of POx-based comb polymers, [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] POx molecular brushes have been synthesized recently by several routes. 7,8 Similar to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hydrophilic POx is non-toxic, 9,10 non-immunogenic (low to none complement activation), 10,11 suppresses biofouling, 12,13 POxylated entities display the same "stealth effect" as PEGylated ones, [14][15][16] and hydrophilic as well as amphiphilic POx shows a biodistribution and excretion which is beneficial for medical applications.…”

“…POxs are pseudo-peptides synthesized by living cationic ring-opening polymerization (LCROP) of 2-oxazolines in a controlled manner (Ð < 1.2, adjustable molar masses). 31,47,48 Unfortunately, GTP is demanding with respect to the strict reaction conditions and the more robust RAFT has to be stopped at rather low conversions (usually ~50 %) in order to suppress side reactions. 17 Additionally their solubility and aggregation behavior can be finetuned by structural and compositional variation of the poly(2-oxazoline)s by usage of easy accessible monomers.…”

Comb Poly(Oligo(2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline)Methacrylate)‐Peptide Conjugates Prepared by Aqueous Cu(0)‐Mediated Polymerization and Reductive Amination

“…When terminating the polymerization with (meth)acrylic acid POx macromonomers are obtained, which can be further polymerized giving the opportunity for a further level of functionality . To date, the latter have been poly­merized by free radical polymerization (FRP), group transfer polymerization (GTP), reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to give comb‐shaped POx (co)polymers with tuneable properties. In contrast to comb‐shaped PolyOEG the potential of comb‐shaped POx has not been fully exploited yet.…”

Synthesis of comb‐shaped poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(polytetrahydrofuran acrylate) under 60Co γ‐ray irradiation

“…Recently, several articles on the controlled polymerizations of macromonomers were reported. A macromonomer, methacrylate‐terminated poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline), underwent group‐transfer polymerization with 1‐methoxy‐[(trimethylsiloxy)‐2‐methyl‐1‐propene and nucleophiles as the initiator and catalysts, respectively, and resulted in a product with a narrow molecular weight distribution [weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight ( M w / M n ) = 1.08−1.12] 20. The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of vinyl ether‐based macromonomers with a methacryloyl group at the chain end proceeded in a living fashion and gave products with fairly narrow polydispersities ( M w / M n ∼ 1.2) 21.…”

“…A macromonomer, methacrylate-terminated poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline), underwent group-transfer polymerization with 1-methoxy-[(trimethylsiloxy)-2-methyl-1-propene and nucleophiles as the initiator and catalysts, respectively, and resulted in a product with a narrow molecular weight distribution [weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight (M w /M n ) ϭ 1.08 -1.12]. 20 The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of vinyl ether-based macromonomers with a methacryloyl group at the chain end proceeded in a living fashion and gave products with fairly narrow polydispersities (M w /M n ϳ 1.2). 21 However, the researchers did not mention whether they got pure polymacromonomers; all the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) traces showed mixtures of the macromonomer and its polymers.…”