Group swimming behaviour and energetics in bluegill<i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>and rainbow trout<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>

Currier, Megan; Rouse, Jon; Coughlin, David J.

doi:10.1111/jfb.14641

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Based on (1), (5), and ( 7 Research shows that group swimming affects the metabolic rate of fish and the behavior of the fish while swimming [45]. According to the results, there are significantly more large yellow croakers in the environment with flow velocity below 0.1 m s -1 than the other environments.…”

Section: The Endurance Swimming Model Of Large Yellow Croakermentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatigue Metabolites of Large Yellow Croaker and Construction of Swimming Model

Chai

Yin

Huo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A trend in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture is to establish new production sites that are suitable for extreme weather conditions. However, continuous and strong currents can harm fish welfare. To determine the location of the net cage, it is necessary to assess the swimming ability of large yellow croaker. Currently, our research on large yellow croakers is focusing on behavior analysis. This article investigates the effect of swimming large yellow croakers on metabolites in the body by examining the preferred speed of the group and the endurance swimming ability of single-tailed fish. We evaluated the factors that influence the large yellow croaker’s swimming fatigue by quantifying the content of metabolites and constructed the endurance swimming model using those results. Various results showed large yellow croaker populations tend to grow in low-velocity environments, and this matches their traditional habitat. The samples were taken at different swimming times at a flow rate of 0.35 m/s. According to the results of the metabolite content determination, blood glucose levels is closely related to swimming ability in large yellow croakers. The content of liver glycogen, which regulates blood glucose concentration, decreases in a certain linear relationship. The endurance swimming model of large yellow croaker was constructed according to the changes of liver glycogen content. The goals of this article are to provide a deeper understanding of the physiological characteristics of large yellow croaker swimming, and to provide a reference for choosing fishing and cage sites for large yellow croaker.

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Section: The Endurance Swimming Model Of Large Yellow Croakermentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatigue Metabolites of Large Yellow Croaker and Construction of Swimming Model

Chai

Yin

Huo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Liao and colleagues published a series of papers on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) employing entrainment swimming behaviours in association with flow obstructions [2][3][4][5][6]. These behaviours significantly reduced the metabolic cost of swimming in a respiratory swim tunnel when an obstruction is present compared to when the obstruction is absent [7][8][9]. Like entrainment, swimming in groups reduces the energetic cost of locomotion, at least for some fish species [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These behaviours significantly reduced the metabolic cost of swimming in a respiratory swim tunnel when an obstruction is present compared to when the obstruction is absent [7][8][9]. Like entrainment, swimming in groups reduces the energetic cost of locomotion, at least for some fish species [9]. Group swimming has been proposed as a mechanism for increasing swimming efficiency, as a swimming fish generates a turbulent wake of eddies similar to that of a flow obstruction [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent propulsion in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , increases power production at low swimming speeds

2022

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Locomotion dominates animal energy budgets, and selection should favour behaviours that minimize transportation costs. Recent fieldwork has altered our understanding of the preferred modes of locomotion in fishes. For instance, bluegill employ a sustainable intermittent swimming form with 2–3 tail beats alternating with short glides. Volitional swimming studies in the laboratory with bluegill suggest that the propulsive phase reflects a fixed-gear constraint on body–caudal-fin activity. Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) also reportedly display intermittent swimming in the field. We examined swimming by bass in a static tank to quantify the parameters of volitional locomotion, including tailbeat frequency and glide duration, across a range of swimming speeds. We found that tailbeat frequency was not related to speed at low swimming speeds. Instead, speed was a function of glide duration between propulsive events, with glide duration decreasing as speed increased. The propulsive Strouhal number remained within the range that maximizes propulsive efficiency. We used muscle mechanics experiments to simulate power production by muscle operating under intermittent versus steady conditions. Workloop data suggest that intermittent activity allows fish to swim efficiently and avoid the drag-induced greater energetic cost of continuous swimming. The results offer support for a new perspective on fish locomotion: intermittent swimming is crucial to aerobic swimming energetics.

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“…However, a minimum number of individuals may be required in order for members to experience the benefits of group living, and this number can vary widely across species. For example, trailing striped surfperch ( Embiotoca lateralis ) in a group of four consumes less oxygen than solitary fish swimming at the same flow rate (Johansen et al., 2010), maximum metabolic rate of bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) in groups of three is significantly lower than that of individual fish (Currier et al., 2021), and grey mullet ( Liza aurata ) swimming in schools of eight save energy regardless of their spatial position compared to solitary individuals (Marras et al., 2015). Theoretical studies on virtual schools have also suggested that rectangular or diamond shaped‐formations could provide energetic benefits compared to swimming in isolation but require at least four individuals to form the specific group structure (Hemelrijk et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small increases in group size improve small shoals' response to water flow in zebrafish

et al. 2021

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Social context may influence the perception of sensory cues and the ability to display refined behavioral responses. Previous work suggests that effective responses to environmental cues can be contingent on having a sufficient number of individuals in a group. Thus, the changes in group size may have profound impacts, particularly on the behavior of small social groups. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio), here we examined how changes in group size influence the ability to respond to changes in water flow. We found that fish in relatively larger groups displayed stronger rheotaxis even when comparing pairs of fish with groups of four fish, indicating that a small increase in group size can enhance the responsiveness to environmental change. Individual fish in relatively larger groups also spent less time in the energetically costly leading position than individuals in pairs, indicating that even a small increase in group size may provide energetic benefits. We also found that the shoal cohesion was dependent on the size of the group but within a given group size, shoal cohesion did not vary with the flow rate. Our study highlights that even a small change in group size could significantly affect the way social fish respond to the changes in water flow, which could be an important attribute that shapes the resilience of social animals in changing environments.

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Group swimming behaviour and energetics in bluegillLepomis macrochirusand rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Fatigue Metabolites of Large Yellow Croaker and Construction of Swimming Model

Fatigue Metabolites of Large Yellow Croaker and Construction of Swimming Model

Intermittent propulsion in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , increases power production at low swimming speeds

Small increases in group size improve small shoals' response to water flow in zebrafish

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