Group Structure and Dynamics in Black Howlers (Alouatta pigra): A 7-year Perspective

Dias, Pedro Américo D.; Coyohua-Fuentes, Alejandro; Canales‐Espinosa, Domingo; Rangel‐Negrín, Ariadna

doi:10.1007/s10764-015-9827-3

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The premises underlying the local resource competition hypothesis have been tested, either directly or indirectly, and supported in several species (Johnson, 1988;Moore et al, 2015). Although we currently lack data that allow testing all premises in black howler monkeys, we speculate that this hypothesis represents a viable explanation for sex allocation in this species, as: (1) female black howler monkeys may reside and reproduce in their natal groups, whereas males disperse to new areas (Van Belle et al, 2012;Dias et al, 2015a);…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The premises underlying the local resource competition hypothesis have been tested, either directly or indirectly, and supported in several species (Johnson, ; Moore et al ., ). Although we currently lack data that allow testing all premises in black howler monkeys, we speculate that this hypothesis represents a viable explanation for sex allocation in this species, as: (1) female black howler monkeys may reside and reproduce in their natal groups, whereas males disperse to new areas (Van Belle et al ., ; Dias et al ., ); (2) this species lives in forests that present temporal variation in food availability (Valdez‐Hernandez et al ., ; Schaffner et al ., ); (3) more daughters than sons are born in extensive than in fragmented forests, and resource availability is higher in the former than in the latter (Dias et al ., , In press). We lack data, however, to assess whether resource availability around the time of conception reflects future resource availability (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on black howler monkey populations in Campeche (Mexico) commenced in 2006. Between 2006 and 2012, we censused 10 groups of black howler monkeys (five in extensive forests and five in forest fragments; Table 1) by visiting each group three times a week (a total of %11 000 sampling days) (Dias et al, 2015a). We identified and counted all individuals in each visit, and sampled the following behaviors of adult females: (1) the proportion of time females spent traveling (i.e.…”

Section: Sampling Of Births Behavior and Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal glucocorticoid levels affect sex allocation in black howler monkeys

et al. 2017

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When sons and daughters impart different fitness benefits, mothers should bias investment according to offspring sex, in some cases modifying offspring sex ratios. Sex allocation in monotocous organisms is expected to be costlier than for polytocous species, as it imposes a greater loss of reproductive effort in terms of mating and fertilization. Here, we show that variation in glucocorticoid concentrations around the time of conception predicts infant sex in a monotocous anthropoid, the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra), suggesting that sex allocation is linked to a hormonal mechanism that affects early embryonic development. Glucocorticoids signal environmental conditions, and in our study, their variation was positively related to factors affecting infant survival. These results offer insight into sex allocation strategies in monotocous organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Of Births Behavior and Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal glucocorticoid levels affect sex allocation in black howler monkeys

et al. 2017

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“…Primates are particularly vulnerable to human-caused disturbances (Marsh et al 2013, Estrada et al 2017, including changes in landscape patterns (Arroyo-Rodríguez et al 2013a, Benchimol and Venticinque 2014, Dias et al 2015). Yet, the lack of landscape studies with primates has limited our knowledge about the effect of landscape structure on primates (Arroyo-Rodríguez and Mandujano 2009, Arroyo-Rodríguez et al 2013a, Arroyo-Rodríguez and Fahrig 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure

et al. 2018

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Understanding the effect of landscape structure on biodiversity is critically needed to improve management strategies. To accurately evaluate such effect, landscape metrics need to be assessed at the correct scale, i.e. considering the spatial extent at which species–landscape relationship is strongest (scale of effect, SE). Although SE is highly variable, its drivers are poorly known, but of key relevance to understand the way species use the landscape. In this study, we evaluate whether and how species traits, biological responses, landscape variables and the regional context of the study drive SE in Mexican primates. We estimated the relative abundance and immature‐to‐female ratio (a proxy of reproductive success) of howler monkeys Alouatta palliata and A. pigra and spider monkeys Ateles geoffroyi in 48 forest patches from four rainforest regions (12 patches per region) with different land‐use intensity. We then assessed the composition (forest cover, matrix functionality) and configuration (forest patch density, connectors’ density, forest edge density) of local landscapes considering 13 scales (100 to 1300‐m radius) to identify the spatial extent at which each landscape variable best predict each response variable in each species and region. We found that SE did not differ significantly among the drivers evaluated. However, it tended to be lower for connectors’ density than for forest patch density and forest edge density, probably because connectors’ density is associated with local‐scale processes such as supplementary dynamics. Surprisingly, SE also tended to be higher in the more disturbed region than in the rest of the regions, probably because primates in the more disturbed region used larger areas of the landscape. Our findings therefore suggest that SE depends more strongly on landscape variables and regional context than on species traits and biological responses, and hence, especial caution should be taken when attempting to generalize SE to different explanatory variables and regions.

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“…Howler monkeys usually live in groups of less than 10 individuals, including 1–5 adult males, 1–5 adult females, and variable numbers of immatures (Di Fiore, Link, & Campbell, ). Bisexual dispersal, male philopatry, and female philopatry have been reported in this genus (Calegaro‐Marques & Bicca‐Marques, ; Crockett & Pope, ; Di Fiore et al, ; Dias, Coyohua‐Fuentes, Canales‐Espinosa, & Rangel‐Negrín, ; Oklander, Kowalewski, & Corach, ). Cooperative rearing of infants has been seldom described in this genus (Raguet‐Schofield & Pavé, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Factors influencing infant sex ratio in howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.): A literature review and analysis

Dias

Domínguez

Rangel‐Negrín

2020

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objective: Frequency-dependent selection is expected to maintain infant sex ratios around parity over evolutionary time. However, over ecological time periods, infant sex ratios vary, and it has been proposed that this variation may reflect adaptive processes. In primates, there are consistent patterns of variation in infant sex ratios, although their adaptive significance remains contentious. In addition to design issues, contrasting results could have derived across primates from variation in the fitness benefits accrued through sons or daughters associated with the specific social, ecological, and demographic context of populations. Thus, different sex allocation tactics could occur within species over time and space.Methods: We reviewed the literature to describe variation in infant sex ratio in howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) and to examine whether such a variation could be associated with adaptive sex allocation. We found 26 studies that provided data for this review. These studies yielded 96 infant sex reports, corresponding to 1,477 sexed infants.Results: Infant sex ratio across howler monkey species tends to parity, but females produce more sons under high group densities and more daughters when rainfall increases.Discussion: Based on these results, as well as on information on howler monkey dispersal patterns, demography, and within-group genetic relatedness, we speculate that, depending on population growth stage, sex allocation is explained by (a) local resource enhancement, that is, more cooperative philopatric daughters are produced when populations are growing; and (b) local resource competition, that is, more dispersing sons are produced when populations are saturated. Thus, there is evidence suggestive of adaptive variation in infant sex ratios in howler monkeys. K E Y W O R D Sinfant sex ratio, competition, population growth, rainfall, sex allocation, sex ratio

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Group Structure and Dynamics in Black Howlers (Alouatta pigra): A 7-year Perspective

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Maternal glucocorticoid levels affect sex allocation in black howler monkeys

Maternal glucocorticoid levels affect sex allocation in black howler monkeys

Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure

Factors influencing infant sex ratio in howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.): A literature review and analysis

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