“…In contrast, leaner media, such as electronic mail, enable verbal and pictorial cues but restrict the nonverbal cues that can be transmitted. 1 Verbal cues are those that can be represented linguistically, whereas pictorial cues are those that are provided by images. Nonverbal cues include general appearance and dress, body movements, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, smell, paralanguage (vocal cues beyond the spoken words), space and distance, and touch.…”