Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (GUMBOS): A Review of Their Solid State Properties and Applications

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are defined as organic salts with melting points below 100 °C. Such ionic compounds are typically formed using bulky cations and/or bulky anions in order to produce liquids or lower melting solids. ILs have been widely explored in several research areas including catalysis, remediation, solvents, separations, and many others. The utility of such compounds has also been recently broadened to include solid phase ionic materials. Thus, researchers have pushed the boundaries of ILs chemistry toward the solid state and have hypothesized that valuable properties of ILs can be preserved and fine-tuned to achieve comparable properties in the solid state. In addition, as with ILs, tunability of these solid-phase materials can be achieved through simple counterion metathesis reactions. These solid-state forms of ILs have been designated as a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). In contrast to ILs, these materials have an expanded melting point range of 25 to 250 °C. In this chapter, we focus on recent developments and studies from the literature that provide for fine tuning and enhancing properties through transformation and recycling of diverse ionic compounds such as dyes, antibiotics, and others into solid state ionic materials of greater utility.

Ionic Liquids: New Forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients with Unique, Tunable Properties

“…It is important to note, however, that the prepared antibacterial compounds, have been named “Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids” (“OSILs”) − and even “Organic salts” with the term “ionic liquids” listed as a keyword in a few literature examples, in order to also include high­(er) melting organic salts. We would like to warn the reader against this practice because (1) high­(er) melting organic salts have their own designation in the field as “a group of uniform materials based on organic salts” (GUMBOS), (2) it is the intentional development of liquid forms of APIs with targeted melting points below body temperature that allows for elimination of a growing number of problems associated with solid dosage forms of pharmaceuticals, and (3) listing “ionic liquids” as a keyword for a research paper that only deals with higher-melting solids results in erroneous databases searches.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Third-Generation Photovoltaic Technologies

“…Utilizing phosphorescent or luminescent compounds like rare-earth-doped oxides in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), or employing energy relay dyes (ERDs) that are either dissolved in the electrolyte or applied as a luminescent layer onto the photoanode glass [70], has raised questions about the efficiency and long-term stability of the DSSC system as it has evolved technologically. To address these concerns, numerous research initiatives have been undertaken to create devices capable of satisfying global demand for photovoltaic cells across various applications.…”

A Review of GUMBOS: Tunable Ionic Materials

“…Copyright © Caitlan E Ayala RDMS.000868. 15(4).2021 As a result of the numerous combinations of cations and anions, many scientific researchers have highlighted the wide variety and practical utility of solid-phase ionic materials as functional agents for sensing [5,6], optoelectronics [4,7], and development of potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents [8][9][10][11][12]. Extension of the melting point range for GUMBOS also provides investigators with an opportunity for operationally simple templated and nontemplated uniform nano-and micro-particle formation in aqueous systems.…”

“…Selective tunability of hydrophobicity and material composition has led to development of many sensors for a variety of applications [6,7]. In addition, chemometric or multivariate analyses are frequently used to complement and analyze sensor responses to evaluate detection and discrimination accuracies.…”