Group dynamics and nursing care

Altschul, A

doi:10.1016/0020-7489(64)90033-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…the major review of psychiatric nursing by the then Ministry of Health (1968), which focused particularly on in-patient psychiatric nursing, went some way towards changing this. Amongst other recommendations this report identified the need for psychiatric nurses to develop skills in psychotherapy, a view that resonated with views of opinion leaders of the time, such as Altschul, who had endorsed interpersonal skill development several years before (Altschul 1964). The 1974 psychiatric nursing syllabus introduced sociological concepts and community care and gave more attention to services such as occupational, recreational and industrial therapy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Tierney (1983) argued that, since the formation of the National Health Service in 1948, nurses have challenged their role in respect of the mentally handicapped, particularly in its links to general nursing. The General Nursing Council devised a new syllabus in 1957(1964in Scotland) and again in 1970(1972. The changes reflected a need for specialist training with particular reference to the physical needs of service users (Tierney 1983).…”

Section: Learning Disability Nursingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The changing emphasis of mental health and learning disability nurse education in the UK and ideal models of its future development

Norman

1998

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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This paper reports the findings of a research study funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (ENB), which explored the impact of community care reforms on mental health and learning disability nurses and their practice. In this study we were struck by the divergent views of our respondents about the nature of mental health and learning disability nursing as practice disciplines and the implications of these views for the future shape of preregistration educational preparation. We noted, in particular, the debate between those who advocate what is referred to as specialist educational preparation and others who favour generic preparation. The specialist-generic debate is relevant to nursing as a whole but was magnified in the context of our study because genericism was perceived by many of our respondents as a threat to the minority branches and especially to those (arguably mental health and learning disability) that are not rooted in the biomedical tradition of general nursing. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate as it impinges on the two nursing specialties by developing models of future nurse education grounded in the empirical data from our research and interrogating them to draw out their central features. Two models are clearly independent: the 'specialist' and the 'generic' models. Another three models are partial in that they draw upon the first two: the 'pragmatic' model, the 'unity-of-nursing' model, and the 'social care' model. A common feature of the pragmatic and unity-of-nursing models is that they support the existing DipHE programme, which is now the dominant form of preregistration nurse preparation in the UK. The social care model is applicable principally to learning disability nursing.

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confidence: 86%

Section: Learning Disability Nursingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing emphasis of mental health and learning disability nurse education in the UK and ideal models of its future development

Norman

1998

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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“…Later, two of her papers, one about group work and the other about systems theory, arose from her direct encounter with therapeutic communities and built on Von Bertalanffy's General Systems Theory (Altschul, 1964(Altschul, , 1978. Her late 1960s study of 'nurse-patient interaction' in acute psychiatric care explored the complex processes involved in the development of therapeutic relationships, especially in the early stages of care and treatment, confirming some of the attachment hypotheses of the psychoanalyst John Bowlby whom she had known from her time in London (Barker, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective biography and the legacy of Hildegard Peplau, Annie Altschul and Eileen Skellern; the origins of mental health nursing and its relevance to the current crisis in psychiatry‡

Winship

Bray

Repper

et al. 2009

Journal of Research in Nursing

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Oral history and biographical research gathering previously unpublished material directly from Altschul and Peplau, and new commentaries on Eileen Skellern from colleagues, are triangulated to form a collective biography that accesses historical consciousness of times of great change in psychiatry. We can see core ideas about psychiatric nursing aggregated around the idea active therapeutic engagement. Peplau and Altschul were simultaneously working with innovative methods of community-based therapy during the Second World War in England with shell-shocked soldiers. Both developed founding ideologies in psychoanalysis and therapeutic community practice. A similar trajectory is apparent in the work of Eileen Skellern. User involvement and social inclusion, the corner stones of therapeutic community practice, remain intrinsic to the aspirations of psychiatry today.

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“…She was among the ®rst wave of UK nurse researchers who attempted to observe, describe and understand the nurse±patient relationship and disentangle some of the complex dynamics of the helping alliance. In particular, Altschul (1964) found that group discussion among sta was an essential tool in fostering understanding as well as presenting an opportunity for on-going co-operative education.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group approaches had something of a hey day during the 1960s with increasing interest in their application in a variety of mental health and psychological settings (Altschul 1964). This was a time when the therapeutic community (TC) ideology also proliferated extending the concept of socially orientated therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disentangling dynamics: group sensitivity and supervision

Winship¹,

Hardy

1999

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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In order to contextualize Altschul's interest in group dynamics we present a brief history of staff group work approaches in the UK and USA. Using case examples, the work of staff group sensitivity and group supervision is described. The difficulties of working in staff groups are highlighted and the antipathy towards group practice is discussed. It is argued that learning about conflict resolution in staff groups prepares nurses for dealing with conflicts in clinical practice. The case for re-invigorating interest in group theory and practice is presented. In presenting our reflections on staff group work, we hope not only to re-kindle the type of interest in groups that inspired Altschul but also to represent the case that it is ill conceived to attempt the work of mental health nursing without recourse to the supervisory resources of group theory, practice and support. It is through group feedback that mental health nurses and other health professionals can extend their learning about interpersonal relations, achieve quality standardization through peer feedback and reflect on practice in truly collaborative ways (Schon 1983).

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Group dynamics and nursing care

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The changing emphasis of mental health and learning disability nurse education in the UK and ideal models of its future development

The changing emphasis of mental health and learning disability nurse education in the UK and ideal models of its future development

Collective biography and the legacy of Hildegard Peplau, Annie Altschul and Eileen Skellern; the origins of mental health nursing and its relevance to the current crisis in psychiatry‡

Disentangling dynamics: group sensitivity and supervision

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