Abstract. This communication deals with positive model theory, a non first order model theoretic setting which preserves compactness at the cost of giving up negation. Positive model theory deals transparently with hyperimaginaries, and accommodates various analytic structures which defy direct first order treatment. We describe the development of simplicity theory in this setting, and an application to the lovely pairs of models of simple theories without the weak non finite cover property.
BackgroundEvery first order theory admitting quantifier elimination (and up to a change of language, we may always assume that it does) is the model companion of a universal theory (in fact, its model completion). The converse is known to be false, namely, not every universal theory even has a first order model companion: it has one if and only if the class of its existentially closed (e.c.) models is elementary. Nevertheless, it was observed by more than one person that much of first order model theory can be repeated in the class of e.c. models of a universal theory T , whether this class is elementary or not; how much of classical model theory can be repeated may depend on additional conditions one imposes on T . This can be viewed as studying the class of models of the model companion of T , even though such may not exist as a first order theory.A universal theory has a model completion if and only if it first has a model companion, and second, the model companion eliminates quantifiers. The second property can be re-stated in a way which does not depend on the first: a universal theory having this property is called a Robinson theory. Robinson theories were defined (with a little more generality) and studied by Hrushovski in [Hru97]. From a model-theoretic point of view, the class of e.c. models of a Robinson theory behaves very much like the class of models of a first order theory with quantifier elimination, and thus the framework of Robinson theories is just a small step outside the scope of first order theories. Simplicity and stability theory extend to Robinson theories in an obvious and straightforward manner. Robinson theories were used, among other things, to provide an example of a simple theory where the Lascar strong type differs from that of Shelah (the existence of a first order theory with this property is still open).