Group B Streptococcal Colonization in African Countries: Prevalence, Capsular Serotypes, and Molecular Sequence Types

Shabayek, Sarah; Ferrieri, Patricia; Spellerberg, Barbara

doi:10.3390/pathogens10121606

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…All statistical analyses between clinical data and microbiology findings are exploratory and hypothesis forming. Group B Streptococci (GBS), considered the dominant cause of sepsis in high-income countries [ 47 , 72 ], was not found/reported, and this has also been observed in other studies [ 1 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 60 , 73 ]. With limited microbiology resources in many LMICs however (GBS require additional media and growth requirements), septic neonates may be deceased prior to a blood culture and Vera et al ., suggest GBS are perhaps underreported due to these infections presenting very early into life [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characterisation of Staphylococci species from neonatal blood cultures in low- and middle-income countries

Sands

Carvalho²,

Spiller³

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) Staphylococcus aureus is regarded as one of the leading bacterial causes of neonatal sepsis, however there is limited knowledge on the species diversity and antimicrobial resistance caused by Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Methods We characterised GPB isolates from neonatal blood cultures from LMICs in Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa) and South-Asia (Bangladesh and Pakistan) between 2015–2017. We determined minimum inhibitory concentrations and performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) on Staphylococci isolates recovered and clinical data collected related to the onset of sepsis and the outcome of the neonate up to 60 days of age. Results From the isolates recovered from blood cultures, Staphylococci species were most frequently identified. Out of 100 S. aureus isolates sequenced, 18 different sequence types (ST) were found which unveiled two small epidemiological clusters caused by methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in Pakistan (ST8) and South Africa (ST5), both with high mortality (n = 6/17). One-third of S. aureus was MRSA, with methicillin resistance also detected in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mammaliicoccus sciuri. Through additional WGS analysis we report a cluster of M. sciuri in Pakistan identified between July-November 2017. Conclusions In total we identified 14 different GPB bacterial species, however Staphylococci was dominant. These findings highlight the need of a prospective genomic epidemiology study to comprehensively assess the true burden of GPB neonatal sepsis focusing specifically on mechanisms of resistance and virulence across species and in relation to neonatal outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characterisation of Staphylococci species from neonatal blood cultures in low- and middle-income countries

Sands

Carvalho²,

Spiller³

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Notably, previous studies have shown that the fve serotypes of S. agalactiae (Ia, Ib, III, IV, and IX) are pathogenic and cause high mortality in other fsh species [15,22,24,32,36,[38][39][40]. Interestingly, although S. agalactiae serotype VII has not been reported to cause disease in fsh, previous reports have described this serotype in humans in Southern Ghana, West Africa, Malaysia, Iran, and Bangladesh [41][42][43][44][45]. Additional characterisation of the bacteria using PFGE analysis confrmed S. agalactiae serotype VII in the moribund snakeskin gourami, which is distinct from the S. agalactiae serotype III isolated from tilapia and red tilapia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype VII, an Emerging Pathogen Affecting Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Intensive Farming

Pulpipat

Boonyawiwat

Moonjit

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) is a freshwater fish species that is being increasingly cultivated in Southeast Asia. The expansion of farms and intensive farming practices has led to the unexplained mortality of snakeskin gourami and tremendous economic losses in many farms. We investigated the unusual mortality of snakeskin gourami at 22 farms in Central Thailand. The moribund fish showed darkened skin, erratic swimming, exophthalmos, and haemorrhaging around the eyeballs, with cumulative mortality between 20% and 45%. Our necropsy findings revealed an enlarged liver and anterior kidney, splenomegaly, haemorrhage in most internal organs, pericarditis, and brain congestion. Histopathology revealed haemorrhaging and congestion of the blood vessels in the liver with infiltration of lymphocytes, enlarged blood vessels with mononuclear and lymphocyte infiltration in the meninges, and cerebral parenchyma were observed. Severe necrotising and suppurative pericarditis with myocardial infarction were found. Epidemiological studies and laboratory diagnosis revealed that Streptococcus agalactiae was predominantly isolated from the moribund fish. Laboratory investigations of the representative 33 isolates of S. agalactiae using mass spectrometry, multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, pulse-gel electrophoresis, and serotyping suggested that all the isolates were S. agalactiae serotype VII, which is different from the serotype III isolated from diseased tilapia in Thailand. An experimental challenge using three representative isolates of S. agalactiae on snakeskin gourami caused clinical signs, gross lesions, and pathological changes, with high mortality exceeding 60%, which is similar to the mortality in most natural infections. Moreover, S. agalactiae was recovered from the spleen, kidneys, and liver of all the challenged fish. Taken together, this study provides important information that S. agalactiae serotype VII is virulent in snakeskin gourami and can potentially spread among these fish in fish farms. Appropriate preventive measures and the control of animal movements should thus be implemented.

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“…Previous studies have found regional and ethnic variations in the incidence of GBS infection and serotype and genotype distribution in pregnant women. 1 , 19 , 20 In pregnant women, different GBS serotypes and genotypes have different levels of pathogenicity and are associated with different levels of risk of neonatal GBS-EOD. 21 Therefore, knowledge of the serotypes, genotypes, virulence factors, and drug-resistance profiles of GBS strains in a region could help clinicians to identify high-risk pregnant women and infants for monitoring and treatment, and benefit the development of specific GBS vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus Isolates from Pregnant Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes in Fuzhou, China

Bin

Chen

et al. 2023

IDR

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Objective This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in Fuzhou region of China as a source of clinical reference. Methods GBS isolates were obtained from pregnant women with PROM. All isolates were genotyped, serotyped, and tested for drug-resistance and virulence genes using PCR and DNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Vitek ® 2 automated system. Results Among the 140 GBS isolates, seventeen sequence types (STs) were identified, of which ST19 (20.0%) was the most prevalent, followed by ST862, ST10, and ST12. Three clonal complexes (CC19, CC10 and CC1) were identified. The predominant serotype was III (45.7%), followed by V (23.6%), Ib (18.6%), Ia (7.1%), and II (3.6%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 72.8% (102/140). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, quinupristin, linezolid, vancomycin, and tigecycline. The majority of isolates were resistant to erythromycin (70.0%), clindamycin (72.1%), and tetracycline (81.4%), and 28.6% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Of the 98 erythromycin-resistant strains, mreA, ermB, mefA, mefE, ermA , and ermTR were detected in 100%, 70.4%, 49.0%, 22.4%, 13.3%, and 9.2%, respectively. No linB was detected among 101 clindamycin-resistant strains. Of the 114 tetracycline-resistant strains, tetM, tetK, tetL and tetO were detected in 52.6%, 61.4%, 7.9%, and 23.7%, respectively. Regarding virulence genes, all strains carried rib and hylB , followed by scpB (98.6%), and bca (80.7%), whereas only one strain carried bac . Conclusion ST19/III and ST862/III were the most prevalent GBS subtypes. Penicillin G remains a first-line antibiotic for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of GBS infections. The prevalence of resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline is high among GBS isolates in the Fuzhou region. ST862 and ST651 are emerging animal origin STs in human infections, and may become potential zoonotic threats.

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Group B Streptococcal Colonization in African Countries: Prevalence, Capsular Serotypes, and Molecular Sequence Types

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Characterisation of Staphylococci species from neonatal blood cultures in low- and middle-income countries

Characterisation of Staphylococci species from neonatal blood cultures in low- and middle-income countries

Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype VII, an Emerging Pathogen Affecting Snakeskin Gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) in Intensive Farming

Molecular Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus Isolates from Pregnant Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes in Fuzhou, China

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