Groundwater vulnerability assessment using a GIS-based DRASTIC method in Erbil Dumpsite area (Kani Qirzhala), Central Erbil Basin, North Iraq

Hamed, Masoud; Dara, Rebwar; Kirlas, Marios C.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2074088/v1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The study employed the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) to assess the precision of the data by examining the correlation between nitrate concentration and groundwater vulnerability indexes. Nitrate was selected as a representative groundwater pollutant, as it only occurs naturally only in very low concentrations in groundwater (1-3 mg/L) [41,64,87]. Hence, its origin is anthropogenic and is associated with intensive agricultural activity, nitrogen fertilizer application as well as urbanization [88].…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS-Based Comparative Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using Modified-DRASTIC, Modified-SINTACS and NV Index in a Porous Aquifer, Greece

et al. 2023

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Groundwater vulnerability assessment is of pivotal importance for the sustainable management of groundwater resources, particularly in regions with intense agricultural activity. This research primarily aims to assess and delineate groundwater vulnerability zones using a comparative approach of three different GIS-based modified models, namely Pesticide DRASTIC-LU, Nitrate SINTACS-LU and Nitrate NV index. For this reason, eight hydrogeological parameters were employed to analyze the spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability in the Nea Moudania aquifer, Chalkidiki, Greece. This multi-model methodology was implemented to ascertain the most reliable method for the study area. Results indicated that the southern and southwestern parts of the study area exhibited the highest vulnerability potential, whilst the northern part displayed the lowest. Moreover, single-parameter sensitivity analysis has revealed that land use and topography were the most critical parameters of the vulnerability indexes, whereas hydraulic conductivity was the least influential. Finally, the three vulnerability models were validated with nitrate concentrations of groundwater samples. Results revealed that the Nitrate NV index was the most accurate method, trailed by the Pesticide DRASTIC-LU and the Nitrate SINTACS-LU.

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Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GIS-Based Comparative Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using Modified-DRASTIC, Modified-SINTACS and NV Index in a Porous Aquifer, Greece

et al. 2023

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“…The procedures for creating the DRASTIC-based vulnerability map are presented in Figure 4. The adopted weights and indices were proposed by Aller et al [40] and have already been successfully validated in other works [60,69,70,[116][117][118][119][120][121][122]. The seven hydrogeological layers were overlayed to produce the DRASTIC vulnerability index map using the ArcGIS raster calculator.…”

Section: Mapping Of Drastic Index Vulnerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineation of Potential Groundwater Zones and Assessment of Their Vulnerability to Pollution from Cemeteries Using GIS and AHP Approaches Based on the DRASTIC Index and Specific DRASTIC

Gonçalves,

Albuquerque,

Almeida

et al. 2024

Water

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The risk of aquifer contamination is determined by the interaction between the pollutant load and the vulnerability of an aquifer. Owing to the decomposition of bodies and degradation of artefacts, cemeteries may have a negative impact on groundwater quality and suitability for use due to the leaching of organic compounds (e.g., biodegradable organics, pharmaceuticals, and formaldehyde), inorganic compounds (e.g., nitrate and heavy metals), pathogenic bacteria, and viruses. Factors such as burial and soil type, rainfall amount, and groundwater depth may increase aquifer vulnerability to pollutants generated in cemeteries. The potential for groundwater contamination was investigated in two cemeteries of the Soure region in Portugal (Samuel–UC9 and Vinha da Rainha–UC10), using the classic DRASTIC model, followed by some adjustments, depending on the particularities of the locations, resulting in a Final Classification considered as Specific DRASTIC. By combining Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) were identified, and aquifer vulnerability was assessed, which included the elaboration of thematic maps using GIS operation tools. The maps allowed for the identification of areas with different susceptibilities to contamination: from “Low” to “Very high” for the DRASTIC index and from “Very Low” to “Very high” for the Specific DRASTIC index. Although the difference between the UC9 and UC10 cemeteries is negligible, UC10 is more vulnerable because of its proximity to the community and critically important mineral water resources (such as Bicanho Medical Spa). The Specific model seems better-suited for describing vulnerability to cemeteries. Although there is limited groundwater quality data for the area, the development of vulnerability maps can identify areas that can be sensitive spots for groundwater contamination and establish procedures for pollution prevention.

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Effects of pumping flow rates on the estimation of hydrogeological parameters

Kirlas

Nagkoulis

2023

Journal of Hydroinformatics

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In this paper, we examine the accuracy of estimating the hydrogeological parameters, transmissivity (T) and storativity (S), in a confined aquifer, when there are not enough available data for pumping flow rate values. While the most popular methods, used to estimate aquifer characteristics, assume that the pumping flow rate is constant during pumping, this is practically infeasible. Violation of this assumption results in errors, which are examined in this paper using field drawdown measurements. To find the aquifer characteristics, we use two methods, testing various pumping flow rates. At first, we employ the Cooper–Jacob equations to calculate (T) and (S) values. Afterwards we use these values to create hypothetical drawdowns using Theis equation and finally we estimate the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the actual and the hypothetical drawdowns. Then, we repeat the same process, replacing the Cooper–Jacob equations with Genetic Algorithms and Theis equation to find the aquifer characteristics by minimizing the RMSE between the actual and the hypothetical drawdowns. Even though the process is applied only in three datasets, the results indicate that regardless of the method used, the obtained values of aquifer characteristics (T, S) are not considerably affected by inaccurate pumping flow rate estimations.

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Groundwater vulnerability assessment using a GIS-based DRASTIC method in Erbil Dumpsite area (Kani Qirzhala), Central Erbil Basin, North Iraq

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

A GIS-Based Comparative Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using Modified-DRASTIC, Modified-SINTACS and NV Index in a Porous Aquifer, Greece

A GIS-Based Comparative Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using Modified-DRASTIC, Modified-SINTACS and NV Index in a Porous Aquifer, Greece

Delineation of Potential Groundwater Zones and Assessment of Their Vulnerability to Pollution from Cemeteries Using GIS and AHP Approaches Based on the DRASTIC Index and Specific DRASTIC

Effects of pumping flow rates on the estimation of hydrogeological parameters

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