Groundwater Use and Its Perspective in Haean Basin, Yanggu County of Gangwon Province

Abstract

The Haean basin is a unique geographical feature formed by differential erosion and it borders the military demarcation line. Recently the basin has become an interest of civilians due to security tour, highland vegetables and wetland. After the civil war, the population decreased but it has increased since 2007. The annual mean air temperature in the basin has increased with a rate of +0.016oC/yr and the annual precipitation also has increased with a rate of +10.41 mm/yr. The precipitation occurring in June~August (wet season) occupied most of the total precipitation increase. In addition, recently the number of groundwater wells and its use have gradually increased and most of them are for agriculture including cultivation of rice and highland vegetables. If the air temperature further increases in the future according to the climate change scenarios, the highland vegetables cultivation will be difficult. Furthermore, if the rainstorm in the summer will be enforced, the groundwater recharge and water management will be aggravated. Therefore, an evaluation for sustainable groundwater development in the basin and a reform of the current agriculture (change of cultivating crops) depending on much water are essentially required.

Land use and land cover changes in the Haean Basin of Korea: Impacts on soil erosion

“…1b) and over 60% of the total annual precipitation occurs in the wet season, that is, June to August, due to the Asian monsoon (Lee and Lee, 2000). The average annual air temperature of the same period is 9.9°C; it shows a distinctive increase of 0.06°C per decade due to the warming climate (Lee, 2008;Lee and Han, 2013).…”

“…Approximately 87% of the watershed is covered with forests and 6% and 7% account for agricultural and residential land, respectively . The mean annual air temperature from 2000-2010 ranged between 8.1°C and 9.3°C, with an increasing rate of 0.016°C per year, and the annual precipitation from 1973-2010 varied between 667 and 1,740 mm, with a mean of 1,168 mm (Lee and Han, 2013). Many dendritically distributed streams flow to converge at Lake Soyang (surface area: 70 km 2 ; storage capacity: 2.9 billion m 3 ).…”

“…Three regions were determined to be the hot spots of soil erosion (three grey shaded regions in Fig. 1b; Kim and Kim, 2006;Kim and Jung, 2007;Lee, 2008;Gangwon Province, 2010;Choi et al, 2012;Lee and Han, 2013;Ministry of Environment of Korea, 2014). The three hot spots are heavily cultivated agricultural areas (highland vegetable); the uppermost region is considered to be the area with the greatest soil loss (57.6% of total annual loss) in this watershed (Lee, 2008;Gangwon Province, 2010;Kim et al, 2015).…”

A Comparison of Estimated Groundwater Consumption Using Existing Formulae with Actual Pumped Volumes in the Haean Basin, Korea

“…연구지역의 지질은 주로 고 원생대의 편마암류와 이를 관입한 쥬라기 해안화강암으로 이루어져 있다 (Song and Cho, 2009). 해안분지를 둘러싸 고 있는 고지대는 편마암, 편암 및 규암이 분포하고 있으 며 저지대인 분지내부는 풍화가 심한 흑운모 화강암 및 복운모 화강암이 분포한다 (Lee and Han, 2013). (Lee and Han, 2013).…”

“…해안분지를 둘러싸 고 있는 고지대는 편마암, 편암 및 규암이 분포하고 있으 며 저지대인 분지내부는 풍화가 심한 흑운모 화강암 및 복운모 화강암이 분포한다 (Lee and Han, 2013). (Lee and Han, 2013). 임지를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 농작물을 재배 하고 있으며 주요 농작물로는 쌀, 시래기, 인삼 등이 있다 (Yun et al, 2015).…”